A spiral planar inductor: An experimentally verified physically based model for frequency and time domains

Abstract

The results of a comprehensive investigation of spiral inductors are presented. A physically based model includes the self and mutual inductances, the capacitances between adjacent turns, the substrate capacitance, and the ohmic loss effects proposed. Heterogeneous simulation scheme, including circuit and device models during time and frequency domains, is successfully implemented in VHDL-AMS language and is simulated numerically in Simplorer platform.The model has been validated during frequency domain with measurement data of spirals having different geometries and various sizes. Moreover, the fabricated spiral inductors are evaluated in DC-DC power converter to benchmark the model accuracy. Simulation and experimental results show excellent agreement.Validity domain is discussed. | INTRODUCTIONIn the work of Ouyang and Andersen, 1 they specified various problems related to the integration of power electronic systems. The authors demonstrated that the large mass/volume of a given power system is occupied by magnetic components. These components may be optimized using planar printed circuit board (PCB) devices. Compared with the conventional magnetic components, planar technology is printed directly on circuit board (PCB) with low profile and offers the flexibility of winding geometry and large shape. [1][2][3] From a design point of view, planar inductor electrical behavior cannot be precisely predicted by the conventional inductor models. [4][5][6] In particular, the skin, the proximity, and the parasitic capacitances effects are complex devices to model, particularly during large frequency domain. In the work of Han et al, 5 the electromagnetic simulation is considered to be modeling planar components. However, this method is not only cumbersome and time-consuming but also difficult to develop into general electronically circuit simulations. Other original models are reported by Wang et al. 6 However, this model is not dependent on the geometrical parameters and the layout process. Moreover, its model parameters are not used fairly to optimize the planar inductor layout. In a previous work, 3 a simple square planar inductor model is developed and simulated inside a power converter during time domain. 7 However, the validation process appeared quite limited at frequency domain and for different planar inductor structures such as hexagonal and octagonal structures (Figure 1). So far, literature has addressed models of planar inductor but was not able to simulate different inductor designs. It is thus necessary to assess the planar inductor electrical performances and its validation not only during time domain but also during frequency domain for different inductor structures.

Thermal spiral inductor using 3D printed shape memory kirigami

“…In addition, the Q-factor of the inductor can be expressed as where is the frequency, is the inductance and is the resistance 22 , 23 .…”

“…where α is the angle of a conical inductor and L cy is the inductance of a cylindrical inductor with has same radius size determined as In addition, the Q-factor of the inductor can be expressed as where f is the frequency, L is the inductance and R is the resistance 22,23 .…”

Measurement Techniques and Challenges of Wireless LC Resonant Sensors: A Review

“…For high frequency applications, skin effects appear on coil surfaces which contributes to high frequency losses of the LC sensor. Such high frequency losses can be reduced by using litz wire to design inductive coil [80], [81]. The dielectric loss can be tackled by selecting low-loss dielectric material for the sensing element and the radiation loss can be tackled by shielding the sensor during high frequency operation.…”

Thin-Film Flexible Wireless Pressure Sensor for Continuous Pressure Monitoring in Medical Applications

“…The parasitic capacitance between the nearby turns can be computed from Equation (10) [ 49 , 50 ], where α and β are 0.9 and 0.1, respectively, and represent the parasitic contribution due to the air gap between the coil turns, and the gap between the metallic tracks and the substrate, as shown in Figure 3 c. and are the relative permittivity of air and substrate material respectively. …”