A Spirituality Teaching Program for Depression: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Rickhi, Badri; Moritz, Sabine; Reesal, Robin T.; Xu, Tracy Jing; Paccagnan, Patti; Urbanska, Barbara; Liu, Ming Fu; Ewing, Helen; Toews, John; Gordon, James S.; Quan, Hude

doi:10.2190/pm.42.3.f

Cited by 16 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…The early stage of this evaluation warranted a pilot study with a design that precluded the inclusion of a comparison placebo arm. We also opted to use a waitlist trial design given its advantages [ 30 , 41 ], particularly in relation to psychotherapeutic interventions. However, it is important to recognize that concerns have been raised in the research community regarding the potential for over estimation of intervention effects using such a design [ 42 , 43 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of a spirituality informed e-mental health tool as an intervention for major depressive disorder in adolescents and young adults – a randomized controlled pilot trial

Rickhi

Kania-Richmond

Moritz

et al. 2015

BMC Complement Altern Med

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BackgroundDepression in adolescents and young adults is a major mental health condition that requires attention. Research suggests that approaches that include spiritual concepts and are delivered through an online platform are a potentially beneficial approach to treating/managing depression in this population. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of an 8-week online spirituality informed e-mental health intervention (the LEAP Project) on depression severity, and secondary outcomes of spiritual well-being and self-concept, in adolescents and young adults with major depressive disorder of mild to moderate severity.MethodsA parallel group, randomized, waitlist controlled, assessor-blinded clinical pilot trial was conducted in Calgary, Alberta, Canada. The sample of 62 participants with major depressive disorder (DSM-IV-TR) was defined by two age subgroups: adolescents (ages 13 to 18 years; n = 31) and young adults (ages 19 to 24 years; n = 31). Participants in each age subgroup were randomized into the study arm (intervention initiated upon enrolment) or the waitlist control arm (intervention initiated after an 8-week wait period). Comparisons were made between the study and waitlist control arms at week 8 (the point where study arm had completed the intervention and the waitlist control arm had not) and within each arm at four time points over 24-week follow-up period.ResultsAt baseline, there was no statistical difference between study and waitlist participants for both age subgroups for all three outcomes of interest. After the intervention, depression severity was significantly reduced; comparison across arms at week 8 and over time within each arm and both age subgroups. Spiritual well-being changes were not significant, with the exception of an improvement over time for the younger participants in the study arm (p = 0.01 at week 16 and p = 0.0305 at week 24). Self-concept improved significantly for younger participants immediately after the intervention (p = 0.045 comparison across arms at week 8; p = 0.0175 in the waitlist control arm) and over time in the study arm (p = 0.0025 at week 16). In the older participants, change was minimal, with the exception of a significant improvement in one of six factors (vulnerability) in study arm over time (p = 0.025 at week 24).ConclusionsThe results of the LEAP Project pilot trial suggest that it is an effective, online intervention for youth ages 13 to 24 with mild to moderate major depressive disorder with various life situations and in a limited way on spiritual well-being and self-concept.Trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov NCT00985686. Registered 24 September 2009.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of a spirituality informed e-mental health tool as an intervention for major depressive disorder in adolescents and young adults – a randomized controlled pilot trial

Rickhi

Kania-Richmond

Moritz

et al. 2015

BMC Complement Altern Med

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show abstract

“…Steffen et al also have reported that spirituality is a strong factor in helping women deal with menopausal symptoms ( 24 ). Several other studies also have confirmed the positive effects of spiritual intervention on postmenopausal women ( 25 ) and depressed patients ( 26 , 27 ). Although not studying postmenopausal women, Ghahari et al investigated the effects of cognitive-behavioral and spiritual-religious interventions on anxiety and depression in women with breast cancer and reported that such interventions had no effect on depression ( 28 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 69%

The Effect of Spiritual Intervention on Postmenopausal Depression in Women Referred to Urban Healthcare Centers in Isfahan: A Double-Blind Clinical Trial

Shafiee

Zandiyeh

Moeini

et al. 2016

Nurs Midwifery Stud

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Background:Depression is not only common after menopause, but also affects postmenopausal women more than other women. Some studies show the positive effects of spiritual intervention on postmenopausal women and depressed patients. However, there is inadequate experimental data for supporting the effectiveness of such interventions.Objectives:This study investigated the effect of a spiritual intervention on postmenopausal depression in women referred to urban healthcare centers in Isfahan, Iran.Patients and Methods:A randomized controlled clinical trial was conducted on postmenopausal women referred to the healthcare centers of Isfahan. Sixty-four women with postmenopausal depression were assigned randomly into an experimental group (n = 32) and a control group (n = 32). The experimental group received eight sessions of spiritual intervention while the control group received two sessions of training on healthy diet for postmenopausal women. All subjects in the experimental group and the control group responded to the Beck’s depression inventory at the start of the study, at the end of the fourth week, and a month after the last educational session. In addition to descriptive statistics, the chi-square test, independent samples t-test and repeated measures analysis of variance were used to analyze the data.Results:Before the intervention, the study groups did not differ significantly in terms of mean depression scores (20.76 ± 4.61 vs. 19.58 ± 5.27, P = 0.33). However, immediately after intervention and after one month, the mean depression scores of 11.01 ± 7.85 and 11.21 ± 9.23 in the experimental group were significantly lower than the control group (19.22 ± 4.94 and 19.34 ± 4.92, respectively) (P = 0.001). In repeated measures analysis of variance, Mauchly’s test of sphericity was not significant (P = 0.672), and in the test of within-subjects effects, a significant interaction was found between the spiritual intervention and time.Conclusions:Spiritual intervention effectively could reduce the severity of postmenopausal depression. Considering the high prevalence of depression in postmenopausal women and the effectiveness, simplicity, and affordability of spiritual intervention, using such interventions in postmenopausal women is recommended.

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“…We were going to study the longterm outcomes of spiritual education. Given that many factors can affect anxiety and depression, it was not possible to control and monitor them, as previous studies showed that the effects of education decreased after eight weeks (40). Therefore, four weeks after intervention were consid-ered as the appropriate time for measurement.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, Zamaniyan et al (28) reported the effectiveness of spiritual group therapy in enhancing the quality of life and the psychological well-being of patients with breast cancer. In addition, Rickhi et al (40) found that their spirituality education program significantly reduced the depression severity and increased the depression response and remission rates during a six-month follow-up period. The response rate in their study was as high as 56% -64% (40).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, Rickhi et al (40) found that their spirituality education program significantly reduced the depression severity and increased the depression response and remission rates during a six-month follow-up period. The response rate in their study was as high as 56% -64% (40). Previous studies indicated that the recovery rates of antidepressant agents were 44% -71% while the recovery rates of cognitive-behavioral therapies were 36% -44% (41,42).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of Spirituality Education Program on Depression and Anxiety among Patients with Multiple Sclerosis: A Randomized-Controlled Trial

Amiri

Hajfiroozabadi

Amiri

et al. 2020

Jundishapur J Chronic Dis Care

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Background: Around 50%-60% of patients with multiple sclerosis suffer from different levels of anxiety and depression. Patients with multiple sclerosis, due to their unique conditions, have limitations on using medications and psychotherapies to manage their depression and anxiety. Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess the effects of a spirituality education program on the anxiety and depression of patients with multiple sclerosis. Methods: A pretest-posttest two-group randomized-controlled trial was conducted in 2018 on a convenience sample of 64 patients with multiple sclerosis. Patients were randomly allocated to an experimental group and a control group. In the experimental group, patients received spirituality education in eight 90-min weekly sessions. The Beck Depression and the Anxiety Inventory were used for data collection. For data analysis, we used frequency distribution tables, repeated measures ANOVA (RM-ANOVA), and independent t-test. Results: The post-test mean scores of depression and anxiety were significantly lower in the experimental group than in the control group (P < 0.05). Moreover, the results of the RM-ANOVA test illustrated that in the experimental group, the depression score significantly decreased from 22.86 ± 3.86 at baseline to 14.27 ± 4.62 after the intervention (P < 0.001). Additionally, the anxiety score in this group significantly decreased from 20.82 ± 4.26 at baseline to 13.55 ± 4.74 after the intervention (P < 0.001). Conclusions: The findings show that spirituality education is effective in reducing the symptoms of depression and anxiety among patients with multiple sclerosis.

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A Spirituality Teaching Program for Depression: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Abstract: The Spirituality Program significantly reduced depression severity and increased response and remission rates. This non-drug treatment program should be investigated further as a treatment option for depression.

Cited by 16 publications

References 21 publications

Evaluation of a spirituality informed e-mental health tool as an intervention for major depressive disorder in adolescents and young adults – a randomized controlled pilot trial

Evaluation of a spirituality informed e-mental health tool as an intervention for major depressive disorder in adolescents and young adults – a randomized controlled pilot trial

The Effect of Spiritual Intervention on Postmenopausal Depression in Women Referred to Urban Healthcare Centers in Isfahan: A Double-Blind Clinical Trial

Effects of Spirituality Education Program on Depression and Anxiety among Patients with Multiple Sclerosis: A Randomized-Controlled Trial

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