A spotlight on the role, use, and availability of codeine and the implications faced

Tay, Emma; Roberts, Darren M.

doi:10.1080/17512433.2018.1537122

Cited by 16 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…21 While prescribers may view these so-called weak opioids as safer alternatives, data suggests that both codeine and tramadol have the potential for misuse and life-threatening adverse effects. 22,23,24 A possible explanation for these differences in prescribing is that, during the study period, low-dose codeine was available over the counter in Canada. Further, tramadol is still not considered a controlled or scheduled substance in Canada; however, it became a controlled substance in 2007 in Sweden 25 and in 2014 in the United States.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Opioid Prescribing After Surgery in the United States, Canada, and Sweden

et al. 2019

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Key Points Question Do rates of opioid prescriptions dispensed after surgical procedures differ among countries? Findings In this cohort study, more than 70% of surgical patients in the United States and Canada filled opioid prescriptions after 4 surgical procedures compared with only 11% in Sweden. Of the 3 countries examined, the United States had the highest average dose of opioid prescriptions for most surgical procedures. Meaning There is very large variability in the use of opioids after surgery in different countries, suggesting the potential to reevaluate prescribing practices.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Opioid Prescribing After Surgery in the United States, Canada, and Sweden

et al. 2019

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“…With patient consent, education should be provided to family as well, advising them of the signs and symptoms to look for as their loved one begins taking these medications. Additionally, patients using a prescribed controlled substance for a set period of time, such as three months, must attend a mandatory educational session with their healthcare provider before a new prescription is issued [29].…”

Section: Prevention and Educationmentioning

confidence: 99%

It’s not Okay! The Importance of Educating our Population Taking Prescribed Controlled Substances, Regarding the Risks for Dependency and Addiction

Cm¹,

Pf²

2021

J Epidemiol Public Health Rev

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This article will focus on the major narcotic, and opioid prescription epidemic that is overpowering our nation destroying lives, families, and resulting in death. As healthcare professionals, nursing educators, family nurse practitioner, and Doctor of Nursing Practice with prescription privileges in New York State, in our scopes of practice we always inform and educate all individuals we care for concerning all medications they are prescribed. While we have sought to achieve this educational goal in our professional capacity, as human beings with medical issues like anyone else, we have also been the patients. Our life altering experiences resulted in extensive hospital stays and physical rehabilitation therapy, which required the need of opiate, controlled medications during our inpatient and outpatient recoveries. What we found alarming about the state of our care was not the management of the injuries we sustained, but the lack of education that should have been directed towards us and our families, regarding the use and discontinuance of prescribed opioids upon discharge. We personally observed that there is an overall lack of education in this area. As healthcare practitioners, we are all on the front line and serve to ensure safety of all individuals and the diverse populations we serve. Everyone in healthcare beginning with prescribers, medical staff, and nursing staff, must have the knowledge to explain to the patient and family what a controlled substance is, as well as the inherent risk of becoming addicted, tapering methods, signs and symptoms of withdrawal, and a basic understanding of the dangers that become apparent with self-administration of controlled substances upon discharge. Without proper education, many community populations are at risk for harm. Education is indeed the key and a priority at the forefront of medicine and nursing that ensures patients and their families have a thorough understanding of all the risks associated with these potent narcotics.

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“…[6][7][8] While codeine is often considered to be less potent than other opioids, some of the adverse effects associated with its short-and long-term use include constipation, nausea, vomiting, respiratory depression, cognitive impairment; and a risk for substance addiction, misuse, and abuse. 9,10 Individual variability with codeine metabolism due to genetic polymorphism affecting cytochrome P-450 2D6 impacts the risk for experiencing these adverse effects (e.g., those who are rapid metabolizers may be at an increased risk, as they will be exposed to higher levels of morphine). 2,11 Opioids, including codeine and other morphine derivatives, are regulated as Schedule I drugs by Health Canada's Controlled Drugs and Substances Act.…”

Section: Context and Policy Issuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Medications Containing Low-Dose Codeine for the Treatment of Pain and Coughs

Young¹,

Loshak²

2021

cjht

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Codeine and codeine-containing medicines are used to treat people experiencing pain or cough symptoms. Whereas most products containing codeine require a prescription in Canada, some jurisdictions permit over-the-counter sales of products containing low doses of codeine mixed with other non-narcotic medicinal ingredients. Three overviews of reviews and 13 systematic reviews of variable methodological quality failed to identify studies on the effectiveness of low-dose codeine (i.e., 8 mg of codeine per tablet or 20 mg of codeine per 30 mL in liquid products) for the treatment of pain or coughs. There is a lack of evidence on the clinical effectiveness of oral analgesics and oral antitussives containing low doses of codeine.

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A spotlight on the role, use, and availability of codeine and the implications faced

Cited by 16 publications

References 14 publications

Opioid Prescribing After Surgery in the United States, Canada, and Sweden

Opioid Prescribing After Surgery in the United States, Canada, and Sweden

It’s not Okay! The Importance of Educating our Population Taking Prescribed Controlled Substances, Regarding the Risks for Dependency and Addiction

Medications Containing Low-Dose Codeine for the Treatment of Pain and Coughs

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