A Squall Line in Southern Germany: Kinematics and Precipitation Formation as Deduced by Advanced Polarimetric and Doppler Radar Measurements

Meischner, P.; Bringi, V. N.; Heimann, Dietrich; Höller, H.

doi:10.1175/1520-0493(1991)119<0678:aslisg>2.0.co;2

Cited by 60 publications

(42 citation statements)

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“…The presence of such large drops (produced through melting or coalescence) dominates power-based radar returns such as reflectivity and differential reflectivity. These types of drops have been noted in a number of previous studies (Bringi et al 1991;Meischner et al 1991;Ryzhkov and Zrnic 1995;Keenan et al 1998;Zrnic et al 2000;Schuur et al 2001;Ryzhkov et al 2005c;Thurai et al 2007;Kumjian and Ryzhkov 2008) and specifically over the Darwin region by C00. This can be indicative of specific microphysical conditions and can be useful for forecasting purposes (Ryzhkov et al 2005c;Kumjian and Ryzhkov 2008;Park et al 2009).…”

Section: B Big Drops/melting Hailsupporting

confidence: 54%

A Robust C-Band Hydrometeor Identification Algorithm and Application to a Long-Term Polarimetric Radar Dataset

Dolan

Rutledge

Lim

et al. 2013

Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology

136

123

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A new 10-category, polarimetric-based hydrometeor identification algorithm (HID) for C band is developed from theoretical scattering simulations including wet snow, hail, and big drops/melting hail. The HID is applied to data from seven wet seasons in Darwin, Australia, using the polarimetric C-band (C-POL) radar, to investigate microphysical differences between monsoon and break periods. Scattering simulations reveal significant Mie effects with large hail (diameter . 1.5 cm), with reduced reflectivity and enhanced differential reflectivity Z dr and specific differential phase K dp relative to those associated with S band. Wet snow is found to be associated with greatly depreciated correlation coefficient r hv and moderate values of Z dr . It is noted that large oblate liquid drops can produce the same electromagnetic signatures at C band as melting hail falling quasi stably, resulting in some ambiguity in the HID retrievals. Application of the new HID to seven seasons of C-POL data reveals that hail and big drops/melting hail occur much more frequently during break periods than during monsoon periods. Break periods have a high frequency of vertically aligned ice above 12 km, suggesting the presence of strong electric fields. Reflectivity and mean drop diameter D 0 statistics demonstrate that convective areas in both monsoon and break periods may have robust coalescence or melting precipitation ice processes, leading to enhanced reflectivity and broader distributions of D 0 . Conversely, for stratiform regions in both regimes, mean reflectivity decreases below the melting level, indicative of evaporative processes. Break periods also have larger ice water path fractions, indicating substantial mixedphase precipitation generation as compared with monsoonal periods. In monsoon periods, a larger percentage of precipitation is produced through warm-rain processes.

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Section: B Big Drops/melting Hailsupporting

confidence: 54%

A Robust C-Band Hydrometeor Identification Algorithm and Application to a Long-Term Polarimetric Radar Dataset

Dolan

Rutledge

Lim

et al. 2013

Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology

136

123

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…The presence of a convection core at 4 km (Fig. 12b) is confirmed by large, positive values of differential reflectivity co-located with high reflectivity values that are typically associated with heavy rain with (or formed from) melting graupel or small hail (Meischner et al, 1991). The trailing part of the convective systems exhibits a quite thick and not well-defined bright band signature (Fig.…”

Section: Observationsmentioning

confidence: 83%

Overview of the first HyMeX Special Observation Period over Italy: observations and model results

Ferretti

Pichelli

Gentile

et al. 2014

Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci.

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“…The wide use of C-band for weather radars, especially in Europe and Japan, and the potential upgrade for dual-polarization technology implies a continuing need for validating radar polarimetricbased attenuation-correction procedures, as well as retrieval techniques especially for estimating the rainfall microphysical parameters, such as the (mass-weighted) mean drop diameter and the rain rate in different rain climatologies and regimes. Past research using dual-polarized C-band radars are described in Meischner et al (1991) in southern Germany, Gorgucci et al (1996) in Italy, and more comprehensively in Darwin, Australia (by May et al 1999;Carey et al 2000;and Bringi et al 2001b).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rainfall Estimation from C-Band Polarimetric Radar in Okinawa, Japan: Comparisons with 2D-Video Disdrometer and 400 MHz Wind Profiler

Bringi

Thurai

Nakagawa

et al. 2006

Journal of the Meteorological Society of Japan

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This paper presents an inter-comparison of rainfall parameters (median volume diameter and rain rate) using C-band polarimetric radar, a 2D-video disdrometer and a 400 MHz profiler for the Baiu front event of 8-9 June 2005 in Okinawa, Japan. These instruments are part of the Okinawa Sub-Tropical Environment Remote Sensing Center, operated by the National Institute of Information and Communications Technology (NICT). The 2D-video disdrometer is used to derive the mean axis ratio of raindrops versus drop diameter, as well as the drop size distribution for the Baiu event. The data are then used to simulate various relations between polarimetric scattering parameters such as: specific attenuation ðA h Þ, and specific differential attenuation ðA dp Þ, versus specific differential phase ðK dp Þ which are required to correct the measured reflectivity at horizontal polarization ðZ h Þ, and the differential reflectivity ðZ dr Þ for rain attenuation. The 2D-video disdrometer data are also used to arrive at retrieval formulas for median volume diameter ðD o Þ from radar Z dr , and rain rate from radar K dp .The These inter-comparisons demonstrate the accuracy of C-band polarimetric radar to retrieve important rainfall parameters, as well as the accurate correction for rain attenuation using differential propagation phase.

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A Squall Line in Southern Germany: Kinematics and Precipitation Formation as Deduced by Advanced Polarimetric and Doppler Radar Measurements

Cited by 60 publications

References 0 publications

A Robust C-Band Hydrometeor Identification Algorithm and Application to a Long-Term Polarimetric Radar Dataset

A Robust C-Band Hydrometeor Identification Algorithm and Application to a Long-Term Polarimetric Radar Dataset

Overview of the first HyMeX Special Observation Period over Italy: observations and model results

Rainfall Estimation from C-Band Polarimetric Radar in Okinawa, Japan: Comparisons with 2D-Video Disdrometer and 400 MHz Wind Profiler

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