In this paper, we present novel techniques of using quadratic Bézier triangular and tetrahedral elements for elastostatic and implicit/explicit elastodynamic simulations involving nearly incompressible linear elastic materials. A simple linear mapping is proposed for developing finite element meshes with quadratic Bézier triangular/tetrahedral elements from the corresponding quadratic Lagrange elements that can be easily generated using the existing mesh generators. Numerical issues arising in the case of nearly incompressible materials are addressed using the consistent B-bar formulation, thus reducing the finite element formulation to one consisting only of displacements. The higher-order spatial discretization and the nonnegative nature of Bernstein polynomials are shown to yield significant computational benefits. The optimal spatial convergence of the B-bar formulation for the quadratic triangular and tetrahedral elements is demonstrated by computing error norms in displacement and stresses.The applicability and computational efficiency of the proposed elements for elastodynamic simulations are demonstrated by studying several numerical examples involving real-world geometries with complex features. Numerical results obtained with the standard linear triangular and tetrahedral elements are also presented for comparison.
544KADAPA of finite elements, triangular/tetrahedral elements are often the favorable choice because of the ease of mesh generation, even for complicated industrial geometries, and the availability of numerous commercial and open-source mesh generation software suites. In the past few decades, a plethora of numerical techniques has been developed for performing simulations using triangular and tetrahedral elements, as the task of mesh generation with triangular and tetrahedral elements is well established.Nevertheless, in spite of the tremendous amount of research work that has gone into the development of numerical techniques for obtaining accurate numerical solutions using triangular/tetrahedral elements, robust and efficient techniques for performing simulations using these elements are still lacking, especially for explicit elastodynamic simulations involving nearly incompressible material models that are commonly encountered in soils, a majority of polymeric materials, and biological tissues. This lack of development is due to the fact that triangular/tetrahedral Lagrange elements suffer from quite a few disadvantages that limit their applicability to explicit elastodynamic simulations consisting of nearly incompressible elastic and elastoplastic material models. The important disadvantages of triangular/tetrahedral Lagrange elements that motivated the present research work are as follows.• Due to the approximation of constant strain across the element, linear triangular/tetrahedral Lagrange elements with pure displacement formulation exhibit a very stiff behavior when compared with the linear quadrilateral/hexahedral Lagrange elements. 1 Therefore, to obtain numerical results of suffici...