A Stable Routing Protocol for Highway Mobility over Vehicular Ad-Hoc Networks

Abstract

Vehicular ad hoc network (VANET) is a promising technology to enable the communications among vehicles. In intelligent transportation systems (ITSs), VANETs have many unstable channel characteristics such as short transmission time, low packet delivery ratio, frequent link breakage and rapidly changing topology caused by high mobility. One of the critical issues is the design of stable and scalable routing algorithms that are robustness to frequent path disruptions caused by vehicles' mobility. Previous stable routing protocols in VANETs have been generally focused on vehicle position and velocity based on the ignorance of the channel conditions. This paper argues the use of vehicles movement information including highway mobility model besides position, direction, velocity and digital mapping of roads to predict how long a route will last. And the channel state information is introduced to calculate every moving vehicle's transmission range. In this way, a new vehicular reliability model is proposed to facilitate the reliable routing in VANETs. The communication-link reliability is defined as the routes' stable lifetime. The well-known ad-hoc on-demand distance vector (AODV) routing protocol is extended to propose our reliable ad-hoc on-demand distance vector routing protocol AODV-L. To evaluate the proposed routing protocol, we compared the traditional AODV routing protocol with AODV-L through OMNET++. Simulation results demonstrate that AODV-L outperforms significantly the AODV routing protocol in terms of better delivery ratio and less end-to-end delay.

An Opportunistic Routing for Data Forwarding Based on Vehicle Mobility Association in Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks

“…It is used to improve the GPSR [20] protocol, which takes the position, movement direction, and speed of the vehicles into consideration for routing path selection. Most of the previous vehicle communication studies have been limited to one-hop or few-hop communications [21], mainly to communicate with nearby upstream traffic vehicles to avoid collision [22,23]. Meanwhile, it is also very crucial to send data from a vehicle to a destination severeal miles away through multi-hop relay with multiple intermediate vehicles.…”

Performance Evaluation of AODV Routing Protocol in VANET with NS2

“…In [1], author Yang He, Wenjun Xu and Xuehong Lin, proposes a new stable routing protocol, which is based on the scenario where vehicles move at a different velocity on the highway. The uniqueness of this work lies in its specific design that considers the vehicular motion and the channel state information between all vehicles which wants to establish links.…”

“…In this system by using the vehicles movement information with highway mobility model based on position, direction, velocity it is predicted that how long the route is reliable [1]. There is a use stochastic large-scale fading channel model to calculate the transmission range, which should also be stochastic and the highway mobility model is used to recalculate the route lifetime.…”

Reliable Energy-Efficient Multilayer Mechanism with Realistic Battery Model and QoE Support in Wireless MANETs

“…By discovering and determining the routes of the next devices, the authors create a protocol that can achieve satisfactory results with regard to the final delay and the average rate of delivery, which are two important results in high mobility scenarios. The authors of [10] In [12], the authors propose a trust-based protocol for energy efficient routing for MANETs. They introduce an energy consumption model where the concept of energy factor (energy input) is the residual rate of energy for the initial energy of a node (mobile device).…”