A stable, self-regulating, flexible, ITO-free electrochromic smart window for energy-efficient buildings

Zhang, He; Sun, Fangyuan; Feng, Jie; Ling, Huan; Zhou, Dongyan; Cao, Gang; Wang, Shang; Su, Fengyu; Tian, Yanqing; Tian, Yanhong

doi:10.1016/j.xcrp.2022.101193

Cited by 22 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…Due to the negative chemical potential caused by the concave‐type surfaces at wire‐wire contact areas, the Ag ions were reduced at the junctions and thus enabled the joining of AgNWs. [ 29,30,38 ]…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Due to the negative chemical potential caused by the concave-type surfaces at wire-wire contact areas, the Ag ions were reduced at the junctions and thus enabled the joining of AgNWs. [29,30,38] The EHD printing system usually consists of three subsystems: voltage system, precise three-axis movable system, and pneumatic dispensing system. [39] The cathode of the voltage system was connected to the metallic nozzle and the ground electrode was connected to the metallic movable stage.…”

Section: Electrohydrodynamic Printing Of High-resolution Self-reduced...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Electrohydrodynamic Printing of High‐Resolution Self‐Reduced Soldered Silver Nanowire Pattern for Wearable Flexible Strain Sensors

Feng

Zhang

et al. 2023

Adv Materials Technologies

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As an indispensable aspect of flexible and printed electronics, flexible strain sensors composed of silver nanowires (AgNWs) have attracted significant attention recently. However, low resolution and large wire‐wire contact resistance still impede the stability and sensitivity of AgNW‐based flexible strain sensors. Herein, self‐reduced soldered AgNW pattern is fabricated by combining the high‐resolution electrohydrodynamic (EHD) printing and joining of AgNWs. The resolution achieved by EHD printing is up to ≈20 µm. The contact resistance between AgNWs is greatly reduced by depositing Ag atoms at the AgNW junctions while EHD printing Ag ion ink on as‐prepared AgNW pattern. After self‐reduced soldering process, the sheet resistance decreases from 14.8 to 2.13 Ω sq−1. This process can be conducted under room temperature and ambient conditions and requires no external assistance from heat, light, or mechanical pressing. Furthermore, the deposited Ag atoms at the junctions remarkably improve the sensitivity (gauge factor 14.5–37.9) and stability (over 5000 stretching cycles with 25% strain). This superior sensitivity and stability occur because nano‐junctions induced by the self‐reduced soldering process significantly reduce the initial resistance and enable a robust network structure. This EHD‐based technique for nanojoining of AgNWs demonstrates its potential for flexible and wearable electronics.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Electrohydrodynamic Printing Of High-resolution Self-reduced...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrohydrodynamic Printing of High‐Resolution Self‐Reduced Soldered Silver Nanowire Pattern for Wearable Flexible Strain Sensors

Feng

Zhang

et al. 2023

Adv Materials Technologies

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“…Such an approach could reduce the undesirable influence of environmental conditions on the parameters of the printed layer. Moreover, the conducted research could be a base for the fabricating a novel and promising area of capacitors-supercapacitors, that could also be designed and fabricated on the flexible substrates and gives another possibilities of improving many areas, such as textronics, sustainable building design and many others [28,33,34].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The ink-jet printed flexible interdigital capacitors: manufacturing and ageing tests

Kiliszkiewicz,

Jasińska,

Dziedzic

2023

Flex. Print. Electron.

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Correct operation of electronic circuits (including those made with the ink-jet printing technique) requires the electrical parameters of the structures to be constant or to be changeable but in a predictable way. Due to that, the flexible, ink-jet printed interdigital capacitors (IDSs) were made and then tested in various ageing conditions. We used the conductive silver-based Amepox AX JP-60n ink. As a substrate, we chose the transparent, flexible Melinex OD foil with a thickness of 125 µm. The IDCs were designed and their capacitances were simulated using Comsol Multiphysics Software. Then the test structures were fabricated by the ink-jet printing process using Dimatix DMP 2831 printer. The printed structures were subjected to environmental exposures in a climate chamber to check the influence of temperature and humidity on the tested samples. The IDCs were also subjected to cyclic bending and straightening tests to analyze the outflow of tensile forces on the printed structures, which are exposed to the common factors, that could diminish the quality of the printed and flexible devices. Due to the small capacitance values of the designed and made interdigital capacitors, the measurements showed the key importance of the measuring table on which flexible substrates with IDC capacitors were placed for their capacitance value. Performed tests also demonstrated that in most cases, the capacitors are characterized by an increase in capacitance by a few to a dozen or so % after the ageing tests. Obtained results could be a good groundwork for further research, that will include ways of preventing the creation of discontinuities – or minimizing their impact on the printed device performance.

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“…Zhang et al obtained a Ag@Au core-shell material by covering the AgNW cores with uniform Au shells. The author pointed out that the Au atoms can fill the gap between stacked AgNWs, thus the wirewire contact resistance can be reduced [24]. Zhang et al electrodeposited Co(OH) 2 onto the surface of the AgNW network, they found that the energy storage performance of the AgNWs was readily enhance [25].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conductivity enhancement of Ag nanowire ink by decorating in situ formed Ag particles under low-temperature sintering

Feng,

Xing,

2024

Nanotechnology

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Silver nanowires (AgNWs) have attractive applications in the fabrication of flexible electronics because of their adequate electrical conductivity, mechanical properties, and oxidation resistance. However, the film produced by AgNW ink needs to be sintered at temperatures above 200 °C to obtain high electrical conductivity, which is incompatible with commonly used flexible substrates such as paper or polymer materials. In this study, the AgNW network was decorated by in situ reduced Ag particles (AgPs) to improve the structural integrity and conductivity of the film. After sintering at 80 °C, the pores and voids within the AgNW network were filled with Ag particles smaller than 200 nm, and the porosity of the film was markedly reduced. The lowest resistivity value was 3.9×10-5 Ω•cm after sintering at 100 °C, only 10.8% and 8.5% of the resistivity values of the films produced from AgNW and ion inks, respectively. During sintering, Ag nucleated on the surface of AgNWs, and its growth and agglomeration resulted in interconnections between the AgNWs and Ag particles. Thereafter, the bridging and filling effect of the Ag particles facilitated the formation of a compact and firm network, improving the film conductivity. The line film printed from the composite ink with 10 layers exhibited a low resistivity of 7.3×10-7 Ω•m. Even after 5000 bending cycles, the resistivity of the line only increased by 4.47×10-6 Ω•cm from the initial value. The composite ink reported in this study is a promising candidate for the low-cost printing of ultralow-power-consumption wearable electronic devices.

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A stable, self-regulating, flexible, ITO-free electrochromic smart window for energy-efficient buildings

Cited by 22 publications

References 53 publications

Electrohydrodynamic Printing of High‐Resolution Self‐Reduced Soldered Silver Nanowire Pattern for Wearable Flexible Strain Sensors

Electrohydrodynamic Printing of High‐Resolution Self‐Reduced Soldered Silver Nanowire Pattern for Wearable Flexible Strain Sensors

The ink-jet printed flexible interdigital capacitors: manufacturing and ageing tests

Conductivity enhancement of Ag nanowire ink by decorating in situ formed Ag particles under low-temperature sintering

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