A STANAG 4586 Oriented Approach to UAS Navigation

Frazzetta, Stefano; Pacino, Marco

doi:10.1007/s10846-012-9694-5

Cited by 8 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…First, the STANAG 4586 (Marques, 2012 ) is the current standard for Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) (Platts et al, 2007 ; Frazzetta and Pacino, 2013 ) and it is in place a study group on Multi-Domain Control Station (MDCS) which aims at going toward a “joint” standard, i.e., one that will cover air, land and maritime unmanned systems. The MDCS working group “a mixed industrial and government representatives group” will likely turn its ideas into a STANAG (i.e., an updated version of the STANAG 4586) in the future.…”

Section: Interoperability Background and Relevant Literaturementioning

confidence: 99%

Interoperability Among Unmanned Maritime Vehicles: Review and First In-field Experimentation

et al. 2020

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Complex maritime missions, both above and below the surface, have traditionally been carried out by manned surface ships and submarines equipped with advanced sensor systems. Unmanned Maritime Vehicles (UMVs) are increasingly demonstrating their potential for improving existing naval capabilities due to their rapid deployability, easy scalability, and high reconfigurability, offering a reduction in both operational time and cost. In addition, they mitigate the risk to personnel by leaving the man far-from-the-risk but in-the-loop of decision making. In the long-term, a clear interoperability framework between unmanned systems, human operators, and legacy platforms will be crucial for effective joint operations planning and execution. However, the present multi-vendor multi-protocol solutions in multi-domain UMVs activities are hard to interoperate without common mission control interfaces and communication protocol schemes. Furthermore, the underwater domain presents significant challenges that cannot be satisfied with the solutions developed for terrestrial networks. In this paper, the interoperability topic is discussed blending a review of the technological growth from 2000 onwards with recent authors' in-field experience; finally, important research directions for the future are given. Within the broad framework of interoperability in general, the paper focuses on the aspect of interoperability among UMVs not neglecting the role of the human operator in the loop. The picture emerging from the review demonstrates that interoperability is currently receiving a high level of attention with a great and diverse deal of effort. Besides, the manuscript describes the experience from a sea trial exercise, where interoperability has been demonstrated by integrating heterogeneous autonomous UMVs into the NATO Centre for Maritime Research and Experimentation (CMRE) network, using different robotic middlewares and acoustic modem technologies to implement a multistatic active sonar system. A perspective for the interoperability in marine robotics missions emerges in the paper, through a discussion of current capabilities, in-field experience and future advanced technologies unique to UMVs. Nonetheless, their application spread is slowed down by the lack of human confidence. In fact, an interoperable system-of-systems of autonomous UMVs will require operators involved only at a supervisory level. As trust develops, endorsed by stable and mature interoperability, human monitoring will be diminished to exploit the tremendous potential of fully autonomous UMVs.

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Section: Interoperability Background and Relevant Literaturementioning

confidence: 99%

Interoperability Among Unmanned Maritime Vehicles: Review and First In-field Experimentation

et al. 2020

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“…Another great challenge is that, for this subject, several complex topics have to be considered on different layers: UAV regulation, autonomy considerations, software certification, and verification approaches are all interconnected. As a result, the general integration of UAVs into civil airspace, which is the ultimate goal for UAV software certification, is a huge problem [17].…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Certification and Software Verification Considerations for Autonomous Unmanned Aircraft

Torens

Adolf

Goormann

2014

Journal of Aerospace Information Systems

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Software verification for highly automatic unmanned aerial vehicles is not only a problem itself, it is furthermore constrained by certification standards and regulatory rules. These, however, are themselves still under development. As a top-level view, the current status of unmanned aerial vehicle verification, certification, and regulation is addressed and corresponding challenges are discussed. From a low-level view, this work presents the processes and tools that were established for the software development, verification, and validation of the unmanned rotorcraft software testbed ARTIS. Large efforts have been put into the software verification process to cope with the growing complexity of the autonomous system and the validation of the software behavior. Automated tests drive the development of the mission planning, mission management, and sensor fusion systems. High-level behavior is tested by complex simulation scenarios. To connect the aforementioned top-and low-level views, a comparison between the RTCA DO-178C standard ("Software Considerations in Airborne Systems and Equipment Certification") and corresponding ARTIS software development practices is elaborated to assess the efforts that would be necessary for a small research team to develop software according to the standard. It shows that the currently used practices are not incompatible, but there are still some gaps to the desired level of compliance.

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“…Frazzetta et al [11] describe the general concept of the STANAG 4586 communication protocol. They highlight the benefit of using the protocol due to the high degree of interoperability between different GCS and UAVs, also for civil applications.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development and Implementation of a Mission Data-Handling Algorithm for an Automatic Flight Guidance System

Heimsch,

Speckmaier,

Gierszewski

et al. 2024

Aerospace

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This paper presents a mission data-handling algorithm that provides a data link interface between a flight control computer (FCC) and a ground control station (GCS) using the protocol standard STANAG 4586, AEP-84 Volume II. A subset of defined messages is used for the transmission of mission and area definition data. Functions for decoding uplink messages, processing received data, and encoding downlink messages are developed. Due to a modular software architecture, these functions can be used both for the onboard FCC, as well as for the GCS using additional logic, to invert the transmission direction. Furthermore, high level consistency and validation checks are performed on the transmitted data before forwarding the mission to the flight guidance functions. Successful transmission of mission and area data between the FCC and the GCS is performed using a high-fidelity model-in-the-loop simulation of a demo mission for a medical evacuation eVTOL aircraft.

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A STANAG 4586 Oriented Approach to UAS Navigation

Cited by 8 publications

References 0 publications

Interoperability Among Unmanned Maritime Vehicles: Review and First In-field Experimentation

Interoperability Among Unmanned Maritime Vehicles: Review and First In-field Experimentation

Certification and Software Verification Considerations for Autonomous Unmanned Aircraft

Development and Implementation of a Mission Data-Handling Algorithm for an Automatic Flight Guidance System

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