A standard method of shoulder strength measurement for the Constant score with a spring balance

Bankes, Marcus; Crossman, John; Emery, Roger

doi:10.1016/s1058-2746(98)90220-8

Cited by 108 publications

(78 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Since the test involves a maximum performance, a shorter time to retest could result in influences from muscle stiffness or soreness as well as bias due to test-leaders remembering data. A number of three repetitions were chosen to avoid errors due to fatigue 1,21 . The time of rest between each effort within the test-series, was 10-20 seconds.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Intraobserver and interobserver reliability for the strength test in the Constant-Murley shoulder assessment

Johansson

Adolfsson

2005

Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One part of this score is a strength test, first described by Moseley 20 , measuring maximal isometric strength in 90° abduction. This part has been discussed and criticised for lacking standardisation 1,2,8 . Bankes et al 1 also raised the question about the technique used and recommended a "pull-force" with a fixed spring balance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intraobserver and interobserver reliability for the strength test in the Constant-Murley shoulder assessment

Johansson

Adolfsson

2005

Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery

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“…17,25 Demographic data including age at the time of injury, sex, and concomitant injury patterns were also collected at the time of final follow-up. Constant scores were also measured as the percentage of the contralateral side because often scores represent little value in expressing functional outcome in those who were previously frail prior to their injury.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Open Reduction and Internal Fixation (ORIF) of Complex 3- and 4-Part Fractures of the Proximal Humerus

Grawe

Lee

et al. 2011

Geriatr Orthop Surg Rehabil

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Introduction: Treatment of complex fracture patterns of the proximal humerus continues to be a challenging and controversial clinical scenario. The aim of this study was to report on the outcomes of complex displaced 3-and 4-part fractures of the proximal humerus treated with locked plating and compare the functional results of patients on the basis of age at time of injury. Methods: A retrospective review was completed to identify patients whom had sustained a 3-or 4-part fracture of the proximal humerus (Neer classification), treated surgically with locked compression plating. Patients were recruited for a final follow-up, with clinical (Constant and Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, Hand [DASH] scores) and radiographic outcome analysis. Results were compared (t test and Wilcoxon test) with fracture type (3-vs 4-part) and patient age at time of fracture (<65 years vs >65years) as the primary outcome measure. The presence or absence of a complication and presence or absence of a concomitant osseous injury at the time of presentation were evaluated as secondary outcome measures, in regard to overall functional results of the treatment in question. Complications were defined as posttraumatic osteoarthritis, avascular necrosis of the humeral head, and screw cutout with chondrolysis. The null hypothesis being that age of the patient at the time of injury would not greatly affect functional outcome measurements. Results: Forty-five fractures were identified in 45 patients, with 31 three-part fractures and 14 four-part fractures, and 17 patients were available for final follow-up (9 three-part and 8 four-part). Twelve patients were identified as under the age of 65 years and were compared with 5 patients who were identified as older than 65 years of age. The relative Constant score, at final follow-up, for those under the age of 65 was 88.58, while the score for those above the age of 65 was 82.5. In a similar fashion, the DASH score for those younger than 65 was 11.67, while the score for those older than 65 was 12.5. Neither the Constant score nor the DASH score differed in a statistically significant manner, when comparing patients who were younger than 65 to those older than 65 years of age. Conclusion: The current series of fractures was able to demonstrate similar and satisfactory outcomes following locked plating treatment of complex 3-and 4-part proximal humerus fractures in younger patients and patients older than the age of 65, while still accepting the null hypothesis.

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“…Bankes et al [14] have described the fixed spring balance modification (fixed to a desk or to the floor) as a low-cost technique, which gave similar and equally reproducible values for power when compared with an electronic measuring device [15] . However, it does reliably detect improvements in shoulder function after intervention [16] .…”

Section: Constant Scorementioning

confidence: 99%

Use of scoring systems for assessing and reporting the outcome results from shoulder surgery and arthroplasty

Booker

Alfahad

Scott

et al. 2015

WJO

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A standard method of shoulder strength measurement for the Constant score with a spring balance

Cited by 108 publications

References 10 publications

Intraobserver and interobserver reliability for the strength test in the Constant-Murley shoulder assessment

Intraobserver and interobserver reliability for the strength test in the Constant-Murley shoulder assessment

Open Reduction and Internal Fixation (ORIF) of Complex 3- and 4-Part Fractures of the Proximal Humerus

Use of scoring systems for assessing and reporting the outcome results from shoulder surgery and arthroplasty

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