A standardized G‐banded karyotype for the raccoon (<i>Procyon lotor)</i>compared with the domestic cat

Stanyon, Roscoe; Bigoni, Francesca; Weinberg, Johannes; Hadidian, John

doi:10.1080/11250009309355789

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…It is in agreement with previously published descriptions (Benirschke & Low 1966, Hsu & Benirschke 1967, Wurster-Hill & Gray 1975, Pathak & Wurster-Hill 1977 and arranged according to Stanyon et al 1993. All autosomes except for chromosomes 11 (acrocentric) and 16 (telocentric) are meta-or submetacentrics.…”

Section: Procyon Lotorsupporting

confidence: 92%

Chromosome painting shows that skunks (Mephitidae, Carnivora) have highly rearranged karyotypes

et al. 2008

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The karyotypic relationships of skunks (Mephitidae) with other major clades of carnivores are not yet established. Here, multi-directional chromosome painting was used to reveal the karyological relationships among skunks and between Mephitidae (skunks) and Procyonidae (raccoons). Representative species from three genera of Mephitidae (Mephitis mephitis, 2n = 50; Mephitis macroura, 2n = 50; Conepatus leuconotus, 2n = 46; Spilogale gracilis, 2n = 60) and one species of Procyonidae (Procyon lotor, 2n = 38) were studied. Chromosomal homology was mapped by hybridization of five sets of whole-chromosome paints derived from stone marten (Martes foina, 2n = 38), cat, skunks (M. mephitis; M. macroura) and human. The karyotype of the raccoon is highly conserved and identical to the hypothetical ancestral musteloid karyotype, suggesting that procyonids have a particular importance for establishing the karyological evolution within the caniforms. Ten fission events and five fusion events are necessary to generate the ancestral skunk karyotype from the ancestral carnivore karyotype. Our results show that Mephitidae joins Canidae and Ursidae as the third family of carnivores that are characterized by a high rate of karyotype evolution. Shared derived chromosomal fusion of stone marten chromosomes 6 and 14 phylogenetically links the American hog-nosed skunk and eastern spotted skunk.

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Section: Procyon Lotorsupporting

confidence: 92%

Chromosome painting shows that skunks (Mephitidae, Carnivora) have highly rearranged karyotypes

et al. 2008

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“…Chromosomes of PHE, AME and PLO were numbered according to the G-banding karyotypes reported previously (Wurster-Hill and Gray, 1975; Nash and O'Brien, 1987; Stanyon et al , 1993). The arrangement of LLY chromosomes referred to the widely accepted FCA chromosomal nomenclature (Wurster-Hill and Centerwall, 1982).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…CFA chromosome nomenclature followed Yang et al (1999) , its correspondence with Breen et al (1999a) nomenclature has been reported by Sargan et al (2000) . Chromosomes of PHE, AME and PLO were numbered according to the G-banding karyotypes reported previously ( Wurster-Hill and Gray, 1975 ; Nash and O'Brien, 1987 ; Stanyon et al , 1993 ). The arrangement of LLY chromosomes referred to the widely accepted FCA chromosomal nomenclature ( Wurster-Hill and Centerwall, 1982 ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chromosomal rearrangements and karyotype evolution in carnivores revealed by chromosome painting

Nie

Wang

et al. 2011

Heredity

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Chromosomal evolution in carnivores has been revisited extensively using cross-species chromosome painting. Painting probes derived from flow-sorted chromosomes of the domestic dog, which has one of the most rearranged karyotypes in mammals and the highest dipoid number (2n=78) in carnivores, are a powerful tool in detecting both evolutionary intra- and inter-chromosomal rearrangements. However, only a few comparative maps have been established between dog and other non-Canidae species. Here, we extended cross-species painting with dog probes to seven more species representing six carnivore families: Eurasian lynx (Lynx lynx), the stone marten (Martes foina), the small Indian civet (Viverricula indica), the Asian palm civet (Paradoxurus hermaphrodites), Javan mongoose (Hepestes javanicas), the raccoon (Procyon lotor) and the giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca). The numbers and positions of intra-chromosomal rearrangements were found to differ among these carnivore species. A comparative map between human and stone marten, and a map among the Yangtze finless porpoise (Neophocaena phocaenoides asiaeorientalis), stone marten and human were also established to facilitate outgroup comparison and to integrate comparative maps between stone marten and other carnivores with such maps between human and other species. These comparative maps give further insight into genome evolution and karyotype phylogenetic relationships among carnivores, and will facilitate the transfer of gene mapping data from human, domestic dog and cat to other species.

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The Ancestral Carnivore Karyotype (2n = 38) Lives Today in Ringtails

Nash

Menninger

Padilla‐Nash

et al. 2008

Journal of Heredity

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Chromosome painting was used to investigate the conservation of high-resolution longitudinal 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI)/G bands in Carnivore chromosomes. Cat (Felis catus) and raccoon dog (Nyctereutes procyonoides) painting probes were hybridized to the ringtail (Bassaricus astutus), dwarf mongoose (Helogale parvula), and Malagasy civet (Fossa fossa) to identify homologous chromosome elements. The patterns of chromosome segment homology among Carnivore species allowed us to reconstruct and propose the disposition of a high-resolution banded ancestral carnivore karyotype (ACK). Three bi-armed chromosomes consistently found among Caniformia species are represented as 6 homologous acrocentric chromosomes among Feliformia species of Carnivora. However, reexamination of the most basal of Feliformia species, the African palm civet Nandinia, revealed the presence of the 3 heretofore Caniformia bi-armed chromosomes. Because these 3 bi-armed chromosomes are found in both Caniformia and Feliformia lineages, they are presumed ancestral for all Carnivora, suggesting that the ACK chromosome number would be 38, rather than the previously supposed 42. Banded chromosomes of the ACK are used to evaluate the consistency between recently determined molecular phylogenetic relationships and postulated cytogenetic dynamics in the same Carnivore species.

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A standardized G‐banded karyotype for the raccoon (Procyon lotor)compared with the domestic cat

Cited by 3 publications

References 19 publications

Chromosome painting shows that skunks (Mephitidae, Carnivora) have highly rearranged karyotypes

Chromosome painting shows that skunks (Mephitidae, Carnivora) have highly rearranged karyotypes

Chromosomal rearrangements and karyotype evolution in carnivores revealed by chromosome painting

The Ancestral Carnivore Karyotype (2n = 38) Lives Today in Ringtails

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