2022
DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2022.793307
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A Standardized Method for Experimental Human Approach Trials on Wild Wolves

Abstract: As wolves recolonize areas of Europe ranging from moderate to high anthropogenic impact, fear of wolves is a recurring source of conflict. Shared tools for evaluating wolf responses to humans, and comparing such responses across their range, can be valuable. Experiments in which humans approach wild wolves can increase our understanding of how wolves respond to humans, facilitating human-wolf coexistence. We have developed the first standardized protocol for evaluating wolf responses to approaching humans usin… Show more

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Cited by 3 publications
(4 citation statements)
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“…Schematic representation of an approach trial (as adapted from Eriksen et al., 2022). The observers approach the passing point in a 50 m distance to the resting position of the collared wild boar from a distance of 1 km in a route that follows a straight line as closely as possible.…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
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“…Schematic representation of an approach trial (as adapted from Eriksen et al., 2022). The observers approach the passing point in a 50 m distance to the resting position of the collared wild boar from a distance of 1 km in a route that follows a straight line as closely as possible.…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…We allowed a minimum of 14 days between consecutive trials on the same individuals to avoid habituation. We conducted the experiments by adapting the protocol developed by Eriksen et al (2022) on wolves based on high-resolution GPS data. For this purpose, the collars were remotely reprogrammed to send positions at higher frequencies at three different periods on the day of an approach trial (Table 1) to identify the most recent location of the wild boar and thus define the experimental approach route, and capture the full response of the animal.…”
Section: Experimental Approach Trialsmentioning
confidence: 99%
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“…In the wild, wolves typically have a diurnal activity pattern where they are most active during the day and rest at night. However, there is some controversy in the literature regarding circadian activity patterns, as this can vary depending on the availability of prey, and in the winter months, they may become even more active at night (Theuerkauf, 2009;Eriksen et al, 2011Eriksen et al, , 2022Merrill and Mech, 2023). Dogs can also tend toward crepuscular behavior, but that is modified by being with humans such that domesticated dog breeds typically exhibit only diurnal locomotor and activity-rest patterns, following similar patterns as their human owners (Nishino et al, 1997;Zanghi et al, 2012;Wells, 2017;Jean-Joseph et al, 2022).…”
Section: Circadian Rhythms and Effects Of Rhythm Disruption In Dogsmentioning
confidence: 99%