A standardized photographic method for evaluating enamel opacities including fluorosis

Abstract

The photographic method was mostly robust and reproducible when used by epidemiologists from seven European study sites.

Digital images as an alternative to orthodontic casts in assessing malocclusion and orthodontic treatment need

“…Furthermore, there is conflicting evidence regarding the accuracy of using 3DI orthodontic casts in the assessment of occlusion [9,10]. The use of two-dimensional digital images (2DI) to simulate a patients' dentition is emerging as a potential alternative to clinical assessment (chair-side assessments) and to other replicas of patients' dentitions [11,12]. 2DI is a quick and durable way of obtaining records of patients' dentition, and readily transmitted for referrals, consultations, presentations, and use in multicenter studies [13].…”

Prospective Study of the Association between Fluoride Intake and Dental Fluorosis in Permanent Teeth

“…Only two others have been conducted thus far: one American and one carried out in seven European countries. Despite the various published manuscripts found in the literature, only the first of these studies has published data on fluorosis in the permanent dentition and its association to fluoride intake [Levy et al, 1998[Levy et al, , 2000[Levy et al, , 2001Warren et al, 2002;Levy, 2003;Cochran et al, 2004a-d, O'Mullane et al, 2004avan Loveren et al, 2004;Whelton et al, 2004;Franzman et al, 2006;Hong et al, 2006a, b]. This paper presents a prospective study on the association of fluoride intake by children and the occurrence of dental fluorosis in their permanent central incisors and first molars after a 6-year interval.…”

Fluoride Varnish Applications May Reduce the Formation of White Spot Lesions (WSL) Adjacent to Orthodontic Fixed Appliances

“…[8][9][10] Results of other studies have also suggested that although photographs are a suitable tool to assess WSL, they have tended to both under-and overscore when compared to clinical photographs. [11][12] In conclusion, certain methodological issues of the current study warrant caution. However, its results add to the body of evidence to support the use of F varnish as a professional preventive therapy for patients undergoing orthodontic treatment.…”