A Stata Package for the Application of Semiparametric Estimators of Dose–Response Functions

Bia, Michela; Flores, Carlos A.; Flores‐Lagunes, Alfonso; Mattei, Alessandra

doi:10.1177/1536867x1401400307

Cited by 44 publications

(71 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…The Hirano and Imbens method gives a parametric estimator that first estimates the GPS by regressing on the covariates and then estimates the eGFR based on the observed PFA concentration and fitted GPS [18]. The additive spline estimator estimates the ADRF in a two-step semiparametric process as outlined in Bia et al [19]. The first step is to parametrically model the GPS based on the covariates and create additive spline bases for the GPS and PFA.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Causal inference for the effect of environmental chemicals on chronic kidney disease

Zhao

Hinton

2019

Preprint

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There is evidence from a limited number of statistical and animal studies that suggest that perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAs) are linked to a decline in kidney function. Thus, PFA exposure may be a modifiable risk factor for chronic kidney disease (CKD). As PFA is pervasive throughout our environment, determining its health effects is an important public health concern. We examined cross-sectional data from the 2009-2010 cycle of NHANES using generalized propensity score (GPS) analysis and univariate and multivariate ordinary least squares (OLS) regression to determine the link between urinary PFA concentration and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). GPS estimation methods used were Hirano-Imbens, additive spline, and a generalized additive model. Each of the statistical models used associated an increase in PFA concentration with a decline in eGFR, though the eGFR fit using the multivariate regression model were consistently higher than from the other four models. We conclude that PFA is a modifiable risk factor for CKD and GPS analysis produces credible results in estimating the effect of chemical exposures on continuous measure of kidney functions such as eGFR. Graphical abstractKey words at ay ut e ed S) lar a A on a he Observational data; chronic kidney disease; causal inference; propensity score; perfluoroalkyl acids; environmental chemical Abbreviations PFAs-perfluoroalkyl acids ; CKD-chronic kidney disease; GPS-generalized propensity score; eGFR-estimated glomerular filtration rate; OLS-ordinary least squares.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Causal inference for the effect of environmental chemicals on chronic kidney disease

Zhao

Hinton

2019

Preprint

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“…Fong et al subsequently extended the CBPS methodology to quantitative exposures . Both Flores et al and Bia et al suggested using that generalized linear models could be used to estimate the propensity score function …”

Section: Using the Gps With Binary Outcomesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Alternative methods to estimating the dose‐response function have been described recently. Both Flores et al and Bia et al suggest that kernel methods and penalized spline methods can be used to estimate the dose‐response function …”

Section: Using the Gps With Binary Outcomesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…13 Both Flores et al and Bia et al suggested using that generalized linear models could be used to estimate the propensity score function. 14,15 2.3 | Estimation of the dose-response function using the GPS The dose-response function is defined as…”

Section: The Gpsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Both Flores et al and Bia et al suggest that kernel methods and penalized spline methods can be used to estimate the dose-response function. 14,15…”

Section: The Gpsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Assessing the performance of the generalized propensity score for estimating the effect of quantitative or continuous exposures on binary outcomes

Austin

2018

Statistics in Medicine

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Propensity score methods are increasingly being used to estimate the effects of treatments and exposures when using observational data. The propensity score was initially developed for use with binary exposures. The generalized propensity score (GPS) is an extension of the propensity score for use with quantitative or continuous exposures (eg, dose or quantity of medication, income, or years of education). We used Monte Carlo simulations to examine the performance of different methods of using the GPS to estimate the effect of continuous exposures on binary outcomes. We examined covariate adjustment using the GPS and weighting using weights based on the inverse of the GPS. We examined both the use of ordinary least squares to estimate the propensity function and the use of the covariate balancing propensity score algorithm. The use of methods based on the GPS was compared with the use of G‐computation. All methods resulted in essentially unbiased estimation of the population dose‐response function. However, GPS‐based weighting tended to result in estimates that displayed greater variability and had higher mean squared error when the magnitude of confounding was strong. Of the methods based on the GPS, covariate adjustment using the GPS tended to result in estimates with lower variability and mean squared error when the magnitude of confounding was strong. We illustrate the application of these methods by estimating the effect of average neighborhood income on the probability of death within 1 year of hospitalization for an acute myocardial infarction.

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The role of social grants on commercialization among smallholder farmers in South Africa: Evidence from a continuous treatment approach

2019

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This study examined the role of social grants to smallholder producers' incentives to sell maize marketable surplus. The study used the generalized propensity score (GPS) matching method to analyse the data collected from a sample of 774 smallholder producers in KwaZulu-Natal. The results support the disincentive hypothesis, demonstrating a negative association between social grants and market participation levels of smallholders. The study findings imply that policies aimed at increasing smallholder commercialization should also focus on how to reduce the disincentive effects of social grants.

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A Stata Package for the Application of Semiparametric Estimators of Dose–Response Functions

Cited by 44 publications

References 24 publications

Causal inference for the effect of environmental chemicals on chronic kidney disease

Causal inference for the effect of environmental chemicals on chronic kidney disease

Assessing the performance of the generalized propensity score for estimating the effect of quantitative or continuous exposures on binary outcomes

The role of social grants on commercialization among smallholder farmers in South Africa: Evidence from a continuous treatment approach

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