A state-of-art review on camel milk proteins as an emerging source of bioactive peptides with diverse nutraceutical properties

Redha, Ali Ali; Valizadenia, Hamidreza; Siddiqui, Shahida Anusha; Maqsood, Sajid

doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.131444

Cited by 45 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 69 publications

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“…Recently, a list of bioactive peptides with antidiabetic potential has been identified in dietary proteins, which could improve insulin uptake, decrease blood glucose levels, and inhibit key enzymes involved in the development and progression of diabetes [ 11 , 71 ]. Among these, peptides produced from trypsin-digested CM proteins have been shown to inhibit dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPPIV, DPP-4) or T-cell antigen CD26, a key enzyme regulating the biological activity of the incretin hormone, glucagon-like peptide-1, which plays an important role in glucose homeostasis [ 72 , 73 , 74 , 75 , 76 ]. Furthermore, short peptides produced from the alcalase, papain, and bromelain-induced proteolysis showed in vitro inhibited effects against pancreatic α-amylase [ 75 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Camel Milk on Glucose Homeostasis in Patients with Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

et al. 2022

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The effects of camel milk (CM) intake on glycemic control in patients with diabetes are controversial. This systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) was conducted to summarize the effect of CM intake on glucose homeostasis parameters in patients with both types of diabetes mellitus; T1DM and T2DM. We searched Google Scholar, PubMed/MEDLINE, EBSCO host, CINAHL, ScienceDirect, Cochrane, ProQuest Medical, Web of Science, and Scopus databases from inception until the end of November 2021. Relevant RCTs were identified, and the effect size was reported as mean difference (MD) and standard deviation (SD). Parameters of glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), fasting blood glucose (FBG), postprandial blood glucose (PBG), fasting serum insulin (FI), insulin resistance (expressed in terms of HOMA-IR), insulin dose (ID) received, serum insulin antibody (IA), and C-peptide (CP) were tested. Out of 4054 collected articles, 14 RCTs (total 663 subjects) were eligible for inclusion. The pooled results obtained using a random-effects model showed a statistically significant decrease in HbA1c levels (MD, −1.24, 95% confidence interval (CI): −2.00, −0.48, p < 0.001 heterogeneity (I2) = 94%) and ID received (MD, −16.72, 95% CI: −22.09, −11.35 p < 0.00001, I2 = 90%), with a clear tendency was shown, but non-significant, to decrease FBG (MD, −23.32, 95% CI: −47.33, 0.70, p = 0.06, I2 = 98%) in patients with diabetes who consumed CM in comparison to those on usual care. Conversely, the consumption of CM did not show significant reductions in the rest of the glucose homeostasis parameters. Subgroup analysis revealed that patients with T2DM were more beneficially affected by CM intake than those with T1DM in lowering FBG, while patients with T1DM were more beneficially affected by CM intake than those with T2DM in lowering HbA1c. Both fresh and treated (pasteurized/fermented) CM gave similar beneficial effects in lowering HbA1c. Lastly, a relatively superior effect for longer duration on shorter duration (>6 months, ≤6 months, respectively) of CM intake is found in lowering HbA1c. To conclude, long-term consumption of CM by patients with diabetes could be a useful adjuvant therapy alongside classical medications, especially in lowering the required insulin dose and HbA1c. Due to the high heterogeneity observed in the included studies, more controlled trials with a larger sample size are warranted to confirm our results and to control some confounders and interfering factors existing in the analyzed articles.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Camel Milk on Glucose Homeostasis in Patients with Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

et al. 2022

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“…For this, the whole or fractionated forms of CM as well as intact purified CM proteins were used (32,33,51). Indeed, the focus was on the CM proteins based on the hypothesis that the protein fraction may be a prominent source for bioactive protein/peptides responsible for the antidiabetic action of CM as previously reported (34,(36)(37)(38)(39)47). Moreover, the gastric digestion and processing of CM upon its consumption constitutes a pertinent question and aspect to be considered to gauge the antidiabetic action of CM FIGURE 1 | Representative figure depicting some of the current antidiabetic strategies along with their molecular targets.…”

Section: In Vitro Experimental Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, the exact insulin levels in CM and its putative implication in the antidiabetic effects of CM is still a matter of debate and further studies are required to address this important aspect. Recent analytical studies on CM fractionation and processing suggest the existence of bioactive molecules (proteins/peptides) toward the key pathways involved in glucose homeostasis including insulin secretion by the pancreatic beta-cells as well as insulin action at the level of the major target tissues (liver, skeletal muscles, adipocytes) (32)(33)(34)(35)(36)(37)(38)(39). Moreover, other studies reported a link between diabetes and some CM components and proteins such as lactoferrin (40)(41)(42)(43)(44).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Camel Milk Targeting Insulin Receptor—Toward Understanding the Antidiabetic Effects of Camel Milk

et al. 2022

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Camel milk (CM) is known for its beneficial virtues in the human diet and health. This includes its antidiabetic properties demonstrated in many in vitro and in vivo studies. Nevertheless, the scientific rationale behind the molecular and cellular basis of such beneficial effects and the exact antidiabetic agent(s)/mechanism(s) are still elusive. In this review, we focused on the recent advances supporting the targeting of insulin receptor (IR) by CM components. Indeed, our recent work reported that CM proteins and derived peptides pharmacologically target IR in vitro leading to its activation and potentiation of insulin-mediated responses. The review describes the experimental approaches used to investigate the effects of CM on IR in vitro based on the fractionation of CM whey proteins to purify functional proteins and their hydrolysis by gastric proteases to generate bioactive peptides. In addition, we illustrated our cellular and molecular model consisting of studying the functional activity of CM fractions on IR and its downstream signaling pathways in the hepatocarcinoma (HepG2) and the human embryonic kidney (HEK293) cells using the bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET), phosphorylation, and glucose uptake assays. Overall, our work demonstrated for the first time that CM lactoferrin and CM-derived bioactive peptides positively modulate IR and its related signaling pathways in HepG2 and HEK293 cells. As a conclusion, the pharmacological targeting of IR by CM sheds more light on the antidiabetic properties of CM by providing its molecular basis that may constitute a solid rationale for the development of new generation of antidiabetic tools from CM-derived proteins and peptides and the utilization of CM in the management of diabetes. The sequencing and the synthesis of the potent bioactive CM peptides may open promising perspectives for their application as antidiabetic agents.

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“…Deer, donkey, and mare milk are not widely consumed or traded, but they have significant cultural importance in certain communities [2]. Recently, non-bovine milk has been the focus of extensive research activities due to its potential health benefits, as summarized in recent reviews [3][4][5][6], and due to interest in incorporating these types of milk in infant formula [7,8] because of their low allergenicity compared to cow milk.…”

Section: Non-bovine Milk From Animal Sourcesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-Bovine Milk: Sources and Future Prospects

Bekhit

Ahmed

Juhaimi

2022

Foods

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A state-of-art review on camel milk proteins as an emerging source of bioactive peptides with diverse nutraceutical properties

Cited by 45 publications

References 69 publications

Effect of Camel Milk on Glucose Homeostasis in Patients with Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

Effect of Camel Milk on Glucose Homeostasis in Patients with Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

Camel Milk Targeting Insulin Receptor—Toward Understanding the Antidiabetic Effects of Camel Milk

Non-Bovine Milk: Sources and Future Prospects

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