A State of Insecurity: The Political Economy of Violence in Kenya's Refugee Camps

Cascades of Violence: War, Crime and Peacebuilding Across South Asia

“…Burundian Hutu rebels use refugee camps in western Tanzania for such purposes. In Kenya, the Sudan People's Liberation Army (SPLA) and Somali militia also obliged refugees to make financial and food contributions (Crisp 1999). States can also exploit refugees by manipulating them to join or support certain armed activities.…”

The Palliative Role of Green Space for Somali Bantu Women Refugees in Displacement and Resettlement

“…They eventually found their way to refugee camps in Northern Kenya, an area that is highly insecure. In this context, the Somali Bantu were especially at risk because they remained in a marginalized role even in their new environment in the camps (Crisp, 2000).…”

What is a camp? Legitimate refugee lives in spaces of long-term displacement

“…The meanings ascribed to camps, and the uses to which they are put, further shape the relationships that emerge among the various actors in these spaces. Debates about whether camps are spaces of protection or detention, whether they preserve refugee rights or erode them, are crucial for thinking about strategies of humanitarian intervention (Shearlaw, 2013;Rosenberg, 2011;Lischer, 2006;Crisp, 2000). At the same time, the dynamism that emerges in long-term camps -and which emerges more quickly then many might expect -underscores the importance of evaluating camps not only for their impact on ''humanitarian rights,'' but also for their conditions of living and their potential as grounds for new politics.…”