A state of the art review on the novel mediator asprosin in the metabolic syndrome

Abstract

Metabolic syndrome is a complex and heterogeneous pathology characterized by a cluster of biochemical, clinical, and metabolic factors that came together in raising the risk of cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and all-cause mortality. Some of these features are well defined in this syndrome like: obesity, inflammation, hypertension, insulin resistance, atherosclerotic dyslipidemias, endothelial dysfunction, and inflammation. This circuit is intermediated by a complex network of hormones, cytokines, transcription factors, and adipokines, among others. Some like leptin, adiponectin, Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, interleukin-6, Tumor necrosis factor, and their influence on the metabolic syndrome are well described in the literature and new players are described continuously. One novel player was described in 2016 by Romere et al as a fasting-induced glycogenic protein hormone named asprosin. In order to perform a state-of-the-art, nonsystematic review of asprosin, a study of the available literature was carried out in the main database (Pubmed) and the results were studied and correlated to better understand the mechanism of action of this hormone. Asprosin is not only associated with the metabolic syndrome features like glucose and lipid metabolism, insulin resistance, obesity and inflammation but also in other pathologies metabolic syndrome related like diabetic retinopathy, polycystic ovary syndrome and anorexia nervosa. A limited number of pathways were already unveiled although much more research is needed to better understand the therapeutical potential of asprosin in the metabolic syndrome.

Evaluation of Serum Asprosin Levels in Patients with T2DM in Duhok District, Iraqi Kurdistan Region

“…As a consequence of this, a rise in the production of asprosin is driven by the accumulation of these fats (Silistre and Hatipogl, 2020;Leonard et al, 2021). The findings of the current study are supported by the findings of a number of other researchers who discovered a substantial link between blood asprosin and "body mass index" in individuals diagnosed having T2DM (Leonard et al, 2021;Deng et al, 2020;Li et al, 2018;Luis et al, 2020;Deniz et al, 2021). The dysfunction of adipokines and metabolic diseases are both brought on by excessive fat accumulation (Czech, 2017;Clark and Hoenig, 2016).…”

Association Between Serum Asprosin and Diabetic Nephropathy in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in the Community: A Cross-Sectional Study

“…Asprosin is a recently discovered fasting-induced protein hormone mainly secreted by the white adipose tissue and recruited by the liver and brain. 1 , 2 Plasma asprosin levels can be modulated by physical activity, where anaerobic exercises increase their level, while aerobic exercises decrease it. 2 When reaching the liver, asprosin exerts a glucogenic effect through an olfactory G-protein-coupled receptor (OR4M1), and upon crossing the blood–brain barrier, it stimulates appetite-modulating neurons in the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus.…”

Evaluation of serum asprosin levels in women with metabolic syndrome in Duhok City-Kurdistan Region/Iraq

“…24,25 The results of our study supported by many researchers, they found a positive correlation between serum asprosin and BMI in the women with T2DM and poly cystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS). 16,23,26,27 In contrast with these findings, a crosssectional study of Jiang et al revealed that in the PCOS women, serum asprosin was negatively correlated with body mass index. 28 Lipid abnormalities are characteristics and pathological status seen in person with metabolic syndrome and play a great role in the pathogenesis of the disease.…”