A State-of-the-Art Discussion on the Solvent Extraction Reagents Used for the Recovery of Copper from Dilute Sulfuric Acid Leach Solutions

Kordosky, G.; Olafson, S. M.; Lewis, Roy G.; Deffner, V. L.; House, James E.

doi:10.1080/01496398708068949

Cited by 22 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…The following reactions represent the simple acid dissolution of malachite and tenorite. (7) and (8) All oxidized-zone mineral, except chrysocolla and cuprite dissolve completely and at relatively fast rates with sulfuric-acid lixiviant. Chrysocolla leaching proceeds according to the following reaction (9) This reaction is limited by the diffusion of H+ and Cu2+ through a porous product layer of Si02·nH20.…”

Section: Oxide Mineralsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Second generation copper extractants (salicylaldoximes and ketoximes) provided the impetus for efficient copper recovery from typical leach solutions at low pH. These reagents can be customized (with modifiers) to achieve excellent CufFe selectivities, fast kinetics, excellent pH behavior, and very good phase separation and crud generation characteristics [7][8]. The operating performance of copper electrowinning has also improved significantly over the last few years [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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In-situ leaching recovery of copper: what’s next?

Hiskey

1994

Hydrometallurgy ’94

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The recovery of mineral and metal values by solution mining has been practiced for centuries. What appears at first glance to be a simple, empirical technique, is in actuality a very complicated process involving a large number of critical parameters that encompass several scientific and engineering disciplines. Hydrometallurgy, hydrology, geology and geochemistry, rock mechanics, chemistry, and environmental engineering and management are a few of the specialties utilized by modern operators.Solution mining is conveniently divided into three main categories: heap leaching, dump leaching, and in situ leaching. In situ leaching (lSL) involves the application of a specific lixiviant to dissolve en masse minerals within the confines of a deposit or in very close proximity to its original geologic setting. Currently there is considerable interest in applying ISL technology to recover copper. Substantial research and engineering effort is being expended to recover copper from oxide ores. However, the greatest potential for copper ISL extraction remains with the deep seated deposits that would otherwise be left unmined by conventional methods. This paper highlights some historical aspects of copper in situ leaching, and also reviews some commercial and experimental projects involving both oxide and sulfide deposits. In addition, large whole-core leaching experiments using a copper oxide ore will be described. This work has provided better understanding of the physical and chemical factors associated with the in situ leaching response.

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Section: Oxide Mineralsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In-situ leaching recovery of copper: what’s next?

Hiskey

1994

Hydrometallurgy ’94

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“…LIX 622 and LIX 622N are commercial extractants developed to recover copper from industrial effluents [1][2][3]. Their active components are salicylaldoxime derivatives: 5-dodecylsalicylaldoxime (LIX 622) and 5-nonylsalicylaldoxime (LIX 622N).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aggregation equilibria of the components of the commercial extractants LIX 622 and LIX 622N in toluene and n-heptane

Rúa

Almela

Elizalde

2006

Fluid Phase Equilibria

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…7 Literature reveals that this extractant was extensively used for copper extraction. [8][9][10][11][12] Price and Reid 13 described the separation of nickel from cobalt, both present as amines, using modified LIX 84 I.In this paper, we report on the solvent extraction of nickel(II) from sulfate solutions using LIX 84I as the extractant. The parameters studied are: the effect of the pH, the extractant concentration, diluents, loading capacity of the extractant, regeneration and recycling, stripping, extraction behavior of associated metals and finally the development of a flow-sheet for the separation and recovery of copper(II), nickel(II) and zinc(II) from a typical synthetic sulfate solution using LIX 84I.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Solvent Extraction of Ni(II) from Sulfate Solutions with LIX 84I: Flow-Sheet for the Separation of Cu(II), Ni(II) and Zn(II)

Reddy

Priya

2004

ANAL. SCI.

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Nickel is primarily used as an alloying metal. The other uses of nickel are in electroplating and batteries, and as catalysts. Sulfidic, oxidic nickel ores and various nickel bearing secondary materials, such as super alloy scrap, spent batteries and catalysts, dust etc., are potential sources for nickel production.Nickel-bearing ores/concentrates/other raw materials are treated either by hydrometallurgical or pyrometallurgical routes. In general, untreated or pretreated materials are leached in an ammoniacal or acidic medium. Sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid or their mixtures are used for the dissolution/leaching of secondaries, such as super-alloy scrap. Thus-obtained leach solutions chiefly contain nickel and cobalt, along with other impurities, such as iron, copper, chromium, aluminum and silica. From such solutions, iron, chromium, aluminum, silica are removed by lime precipitation. Liquid-liquid extraction has been applied to many solutions to obtain either metals or salts in highly pure form. The most widely used extractants are phosphoric acid based alkyl phosphorous reagents D2EHPA, PC 88A, Cyanex 272, or their equivalents. These alkyl phosphorous acid extractants, although they extract both cobalt and nickel, have selectively for cobalt over nickel. [1][2][3][4][5][6] In our earlier studies, LIX 84I was used for the recovery of Ni(II) from ammoniacal sulfate liquor containing Ni: 20.5 g L -1 , Co: 0.2 g L -1 and (NH4)SO4: 23.6 g L -1. 7 Literature reveals that this extractant was extensively used for copper extraction. [8][9][10][11][12] Price and Reid 13 described the separation of nickel from cobalt, both present as amines, using modified LIX 84 I.In this paper, we report on the solvent extraction of nickel(II) from sulfate solutions using LIX 84I as the extractant. The parameters studied are: the effect of the pH, the extractant concentration, diluents, loading capacity of the extractant, regeneration and recycling, stripping, extraction behavior of associated metals and finally the development of a flow-sheet for the separation and recovery of copper(II), nickel(II) and zinc(II) from a typical synthetic sulfate solution using LIX 84I. Experimental Apparatus and reagentsA Perkin Elmer Model A300 atomic absorption spectrometer and a digital Digisun (DI 707 Model) pH meter with a combined glass electrode were used. The IR spectrum of the metal complex was recorded using a FTIR-Nicolet (USA)-740-spectrophotometer.A stock solution of a 0.1 mol dm -3 nickel(II) solution was prepared by dissolving the requisite quantity of Analar NiSO4 in distilled water. The nickel solution was standardized against a 0.05 mol dm -3 EDTA solution 14 using a murexide indicator. Working standard solutions were prepared by suitable dilution of this stock solution. LIX 84I is a proprietary product of M/s. Cognis is a 2-hydroxy-5-t-nonylacetophenonoxime having a molecular weight of ∼263 13 was used as such. Distilled kerosene (bp. 433 -473 K) was used as the diluent. All other chemicals and reagents used were of Analar grade. ...

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A State-of-the-Art Discussion on the Solvent Extraction Reagents Used for the Recovery of Copper from Dilute Sulfuric Acid Leach Solutions

Cited by 22 publications

References 1 publication

In-situ leaching recovery of copper: what’s next?

In-situ leaching recovery of copper: what’s next?

Aggregation equilibria of the components of the commercial extractants LIX 622 and LIX 622N in toluene and n-heptane

Solvent Extraction of Ni(II) from Sulfate Solutions with LIX 84I: Flow-Sheet for the Separation of Cu(II), Ni(II) and Zn(II)

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