A state-of-the-art review of polymers used in soil stabilization

Jian-xin, Huang; Kogbara, Reginald B.; Hariharan, Narain; Masad, Eyad; Little, Dallas N.

doi:10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2021.124685

Cited by 151 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 160 publications

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“…One of the major applications of natural polymers is chemical soil stabilization in order to raise mechanical properties, together with permeability and stability [ 166 , 167 ]. Usually, these polymers are water-soluble, for example as polysaccharides (as natural polymers) or polyacrylamides (as synthetic polymers).…”

Section: Remediation Of Water/soil Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Natural Polymers and Their Nanocomposites Used for Environmental Applications

et al. 2022

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The aim of this review is to bring together the main natural polymer applications for environmental remediation, as a class of nexus materials with advanced properties that offer the opportunity of integration in single or simultaneous decontamination processes. By identifying the main natural polymers derived from agro-industrial sources or monomers converted by biotechnology into sustainable polymers, the paper offers the main performances identified in the literature for: (i) the treatment of water contaminated with heavy metals and emerging pollutants such as dyes and organics, (ii) the decontamination and remediation of soils, and (iii) the reduction in the number of suspended solids of a particulate matter (PM) type in the atmosphere. Because nanotechnology offers new horizons in materials science, nanocomposite tunable polymers are also studied and presented as promising materials in the context of developing sustainable and integrated products in society to ensure quality of life. As a class of future smart materials, the natural polymers and their nanocomposites are obtained from renewable resources, which are inexpensive materials with high surface area, porosity, and high adsorption properties due to their various functional groups. The information gathered in this review paper is based on the publications in the field from the last two decades. The future perspectives of these fascinating materials should take into account the scale-up, the toxicity of nanoparticles, and the competition with food production, as well as the environmental regulations.

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Section: Remediation Of Water/soil Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Natural Polymers and Their Nanocomposites Used for Environmental Applications

et al. 2022

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“…In recent years, scholars from various countries have devoted themselves to the use of low-cost industrial and agricultural solid wastes in the preparation of geopolymers, which can effectively reduce cement consumption [11][12][13][14][15][16]. Moreover, its energy consumption and CO 2 emissions are approximately 60% and 10-20% of Portland cement [17][18][19][20][21][22][23]. Previous studies have shown that the mechanical properties of slag geopolymers depend on the concentration and modulus of the alkaline activator solution [24][25][26].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Investigation of Unconfined Compression Strength and Microstructure Characteristics of Slag and Fly Ash-Based Geopolymer Stabilized Riverside Soft Soil

Luo

Zhao

et al. 2022

Polymers

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To solve the issues of insufficient early strength of cement stabilized soil and high resource cost, high reduction cost, and high environmental cost induced by the application of cement, the slag and fly ash-based geopolymer was adopted as the stabilizer to treat riverside soft soil. This study mainly investigated the effects of stabilizer content, slag-to-fly ash ratio, and alkaline activator content on the strength of geopolymer stabilized soils with different curing ages. Unconfined compressive strength (UCS), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and X-ray energy spectrum analysis (EDS) tests were carried out. The results show that the stabilizer content, slag–fly ash ratio, and alkaline activator content have a decisive influence on the UCS of geopolymer-stabilized soil. The mix-proportions scheme of geopolymer stabilized riverside soft soil, with a geopolymer content of 15%, a slag–fly ash ratio of 80:20, and an alkaline activator content of 30%, is considered optimum. It is proven by SEM that the uniformly distributed gelatinous products formed in the geopolymer-stabilized soil bind the soil particles tightly. Moreover, the EDS analysis confirms that the gelatinous products are mainly composed of C-S-H gel and sodium-based aluminosilicate (N-A-S-H).

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“…Chitosan introduced into a soil in one or more above ways can, as any other biopolymer, interact with soil components in different ways, including adsorption of polymer molecules on surfaces of soil components, covering soil particles with a thin polymer film, formation of polymer ties connecting neighboring particles, adhesion, hydrogen bonding or bridging of soil particles via polyvalent counterions [ 15 , 16 ]. Direct binding of a charged polymer to negatively charged soil components (clay minerals, silica, feldspars, organic matter) with electrostatic forces seems to be a rare feature of chitosan, because, contrary to the majority of natural biopolymers applied for soil treatment (tragacanth, arabic, karaya, gellan, carrageenan, locust bean, xanthan, guar and/or tamarind gums, agar, pectin, alginate, arabinans, amylase, lipids, kasein, cellulose) having anionic or non-ionic character [ 17 , 18 , 19 ], it carries a positive charge in a broad range of neutral and acidic pH values [ 20 ]. So strong interactions of chitosan with soil components imply that the addition of chitosan should increase soil mechanical resistance leading to soil stabilization, consolidation and hardening.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, among various biopolymers implemented in recent years for soil stabilization, erosion mitigation, and dust control, chitosan has been applied rarely. Huang et al [ 17 ], in their comprehensive review of the application of various polymers for soil stabilization, mentioned only a single application of chitosan. Most probably the application of chitosan for soil stabilization is limited by its very poor solubility in water which changes to some extent depending on molecular weight, deacetylation degree and crystal structure [ 21 , 22 , 23 ] and/or by its high biodegradation rate (studies of Mostafa et al [ 24 ] showed the fastest biodegradation of chitosan as compared to the other studied biopolymers).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Chitosan on the Mechanical Stability of Soils

Adamczuk

Józefaciuk

2022

Molecules

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Chitosan is becoming increasingly applied in agriculture, mostly as a powder, however little is known about its effect on soil mechanical properties. Uniaxial compression test was performed for cylindrical soil aggregates prepared from four soils of various properties (very acidic Podzol, acidic Arenosol, neutral Fluvisol and alkaline Umbrisol) containing different proportions of two kinds of chitosan (CS1 of higher molecular mass and lower deacetylation degree, and CS2 of lower molecular mass and higher deacetylation degree), pretreated with 1 and 10 wetting–drying cycles. In most cases increasing chitosan rates successively decreased the mechanical stability of soils that was accompanied by a tendential increase in soil porosity. In one case (Fluvisol treated with CS2) the porosity decreased and mechanical stability increased with increasing chitosan dose. The behavior of acidic soils (Podzol and Arenosol) treated with CS2, differed from the other soils: after an initial decrease, the strength of aggregates increased with increasing chitosan amendment, despite the porosity consequently decreasing. After 10 wetting–drying cycles, the strength of the aggregates of acidic soils appeared to increase while it decreased for neutral and alkaline soils. Possible mechanisms of soil–chitosan interactions affecting mechanical strength are discussed and linked with soil water stability and wettability.

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A state-of-the-art review of polymers used in soil stabilization

Cited by 151 publications

References 160 publications

Natural Polymers and Their Nanocomposites Used for Environmental Applications

Natural Polymers and Their Nanocomposites Used for Environmental Applications

Experimental Investigation of Unconfined Compression Strength and Microstructure Characteristics of Slag and Fly Ash-Based Geopolymer Stabilized Riverside Soft Soil

Impact of Chitosan on the Mechanical Stability of Soils

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