A state‐of‐the‐art review of the fate of heavy metals and product properties from pyrolysis of heavy‐metal(loid)‐enriched biomass harvested from phytoextraction

Abstract

Vegetation has successfully been used for cleaning up metal(loid) polluted water bodies and lands through extracting and accumulating of contaminants in their aboveground biomass (phytoextraction). As this remediation technique is approaching extensive demonstration scale application and potential commercialisation, research efforts have been investigating new ways to achieve valorization of its by-products, the heavy-metal-enriched biomass (HMEB). Biomass pyrolysis as an energy conversion technique represents a key step to numerous valorization options of HMEB.During the pyrolysis of HMEB, understanding the thermal decomposition pathways, and the migration and transformation of metal(loid)s are critical for the production of clean, safe and value-added end-products. This work performs a state-of-the-art review of the studies conducted on phytoextraction and biomass pyrolysis of HMEB with emphasis on the properties of pyrolysis products as well as the behavior of heavy metal(loid)s during pyrolysis in relation to HMEB feedstock properties and the variables of the process.

Iron ion catalyzed hydrogen peroxide pretreatment for bio‐jet fuel production from straw biomass

“…Lignocellulose biomass is a renewable low cost raw material that can be used to generate many bio-fuels, bio-materials, and biochemicals. [1][2][3][4][5] The high value utilization of lignocellulose waste is considered to be of great significance for reducing carbon emissions and achieving sustainable development. 2,5 Currently, the biochemical pathway is one of the most widely used technologies for the production of biofuels and bio-chemicals, especially for the production of bio-ethanol, bio-butanol, acetone/butanol/ethanol (ABE), and bio-gas.…”

“…[1][2][3][4][5] The high value utilization of lignocellulose waste is considered to be of great significance for reducing carbon emissions and achieving sustainable development. 2,5 Currently, the biochemical pathway is one of the most widely used technologies for the production of biofuels and bio-chemicals, especially for the production of bio-ethanol, bio-butanol, acetone/butanol/ethanol (ABE), and bio-gas. [6][7][8] It has been shown that lignocellulose-based ABE, generated by enzymolysis and fermentation of lignocellulosic waste, can be utilized as intermediates to produce bio-fuels or high value-added chemicals.…”

“…Lignocellulose biomass is a renewable low cost raw material that can be used to generate many bio‐fuels, bio‐materials, and bio‐chemicals 1‐5 . The high value utilization of lignocellulose waste is considered to be of great significance for reducing carbon emissions and achieving sustainable development 2,5 .…”