A state-of-the-art review of vertical ground motion (VGM) characteristics, effects and provisions

Nayak, Chittaranjan B.

doi:10.1007/s41062-021-00491-3

Cited by 17 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 72 publications

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“…The foundation soil has important effects on the response of isolated bridges and, in various circumstances, the motion at the abutments (lateral supports) may be underestimated if the soil-structure interaction is not properly addressed [27]. Finally, future developments may include the evaluation of the influence on the bridge of ground motion spatial variation [28] and the influence of vertical input motion due to a near-fault condition [29][30][31][32][33].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Two-Dimensional Seismic Response Analysis to Evaluate the Site Effects of the New Belvedere Bridge (L’Aquila, Central Italy)

Totani

2023

Geotechnics

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To evaluate the importance of the site effects of large structures such as the new Belvedere Bridge (L’Aquila), which crosses a 25 m deep and 100 m valley in the city, one-dimensional and two-dimensional analyses were used to model the seismic response. The results indicate that the valley effects and the geometry of the bridge construction section have a significant influence on ground motions, especially at the points where the natural morphology has been altered by civil works carried out over time. In the presence of vertically propagating shear waves (SVs), the synthetic parameters of seismic motion, such as the maximum ground acceleration (PGA), the amplification factors (AFs), and the elastic acceleration response spectra (Ses), are crucial aspects to identify. The different motions generated between the anchorage points of the bridge foundations, even though they exhibit reduced proportions, and the site effects should be considered in bridge design.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Two-Dimensional Seismic Response Analysis to Evaluate the Site Effects of the New Belvedere Bridge (L’Aquila, Central Italy)

Totani

2023

Geotechnics

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“…The spectral V/H GM ratio was calculated for each motion by dividing the vertical PS a spectrum over the geometric mean of the PS a spectra of the horizontal components. By comparing the spectral V/H GM ratios of the three motions with V/H = 2/3, it can be concluded that the recommendation in NSR-10 is too low for structures with vertical periods shorter than 0.25 s. These periods may correspond to the first vertical mode shapes of short-span bridges with simply-supported or continuous superstructures or the first vertical periods in most buildings [27]. Moreover, as occurred for event #29 at CLEJA station, the V/H GM ratio can exceed 2/3 at periods longer than 1 s, which may be due to a local soft soil effect.…”

Section: V/h Ratiosmentioning

confidence: 97%

Acceleration Amplitude of the Vertical Component of Colombian Earthquakes

Benjumea

Cho

et al. 2022

Cien.Ing.Neogranadina

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Past studies have demonstrated that the vertical earthquake component can substantially affect the seismic performance of bridges and buildings. This component is typically ignored or, when included in the design, is estimated as two-thirds of the horizontal seismic design earthquake. This paper presents the characterization of the acceleration amplitude of the vertical component of moderate and strong earthquakes in Colombia (Moment magnitude Mw > 4) that occurred between June 1993 and April 2020. A total of 42 seismic records registered at less than 50 km from the rupture plane and with horizontal acceleration peaks greater than 0.05g were selected. The peak ground acceleration (PGA) of the three components and the ratio between those PGAs were calculated. Additionally, the relationship among those parameters and the magnitude and epicentral and hypocentral distances were determined. The results showed that the V/H ratio equal to 2/3 is not always valid to represent the effects of the vertical component in structures subjected to the moderate and strong ground motions in Colombia.

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“…A scaled model design following the gravity similitude criterion means the ratio of gravity to inertia force between prototype and model is consistent, as described by Equation (4). 81 For experimental investigations on structures located in the epicenter area 82 and studies on failure processes of the structures, 83 the gravity similitude criterion should be met in the design of models. For structures located in the epicenter area, the effects of gravity should not be ignored due to the strong vertical ground motions.…”

Section: Gravity Similitude Criterionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, the natural frequency of prototypes can be accurately predicted by scaled models designed following the elasticity similitude criterion as given by Equation (). With regard to structures insensitive to vertical loadings, such as structures far away from the epicenter 82 and structures only subjected to horizontal excitations, 38 the influence of gravity can be ignored, so the elasticity similitude criterion was generally adopted in the design of these models.

w=\sqrt{k/m}

…”

Section: Existing Similitude Criteriamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For experimental investigations on structures located in the epicenter area 82 and studies on failure processes of the structures, 83 the gravity similitude criterion should be met in the design of models. For structures located in the epicenter area, the effects of gravity should not be ignored due to the strong vertical ground motions.…”

Section: Existing Similitude Criteriamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Strategy of scaled modeling for underwater shaking table tests on cylindrical marine structures under coupled earthquake and wave–current action: A review

Han,

Li,

Wang

et al. 2023

Earthquake Engineering and Resilience

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Marine structures located in earthquake‐prone areas may be subjected to coupled earthquake and wave–current action and the underwater shaking table (UST) model test is one of the most effective methods to investigate the dynamic responses of them. However, the strategy of scaled modeling, including the selection of similitude criterion and the implementation of it, plays an important role in the test design, and hence influences the accuracy of response predictions of the prototype. This paper presents a comprehensive review of the strategy of scaled modeling utilized in UST model tests on marine structures subjected to coupled earthquake and wave–current action. The key performance parameters of USTs in service and being built in the world are first introduced. Then, the strategies of scaled modeling adopted in existing UST model tests of bridges, offshore wind turbines, submarine pipelines, and submerged floating tunnels are summarized. Following this, the applicability of current similitude criteria for UST model tests for different research focuses is fully discussed and the specific measure to realize the similitude criteria is concluded. Finally, recommendations for future work on similitude criteria are set out, providing insights into the improvements of the applicability and accuracy of the similitude criteria for UST model tests.

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A state-of-the-art review of vertical ground motion (VGM) characteristics, effects and provisions

Cited by 17 publications

References 72 publications

Two-Dimensional Seismic Response Analysis to Evaluate the Site Effects of the New Belvedere Bridge (L’Aquila, Central Italy)

Two-Dimensional Seismic Response Analysis to Evaluate the Site Effects of the New Belvedere Bridge (L’Aquila, Central Italy)

Acceleration Amplitude of the Vertical Component of Colombian Earthquakes

Strategy of scaled modeling for underwater shaking table tests on cylindrical marine structures under coupled earthquake and wave–current action: A review

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