A state-of-the-art review on Ag/AgCl ion-selective electrode used for non-destructive chloride detection in concrete

Zhang, Zhangmin; Hu, Jie; Ma, Yuwei; Wang, Yangyang; Huang, Haoliang; Zhang, Zuhua; Wei, Jiangxiong; Yin, Shou-Wei

doi:10.1016/j.compositesb.2020.108289

Cited by 34 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 116 publications

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“…Comparing the results obtained with ERT measurements, which can also be used to evaluate the water gradient, chloride penetration or carbonation depth [355,356], is of great interest to improve the reliability of the service life. It is also possible to complement these measurements by using embeddable chemical or optical-fibre sensors for the monitoring of pH, chloride concentration or temperature at several depths [338,471,472]. This is of great interest for assessing the initiation stage of corrosion, but their installation on existing structures can be challenging.…”

Section: Limitation On the Evaluation Of Corrosion Rate And Interest Of Combining Ndt Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Each technique provides specific information for crosschecking the results from other techniques. Data integration methods used in the operating system will further improve the overall quality of diagnosis [472], but the advantage and cost associated to each technique should be considered as well for determining the optimal methodology for each specific case. In the future, automated data collection by means of flying drones and climbing robots is expected to facilitate the inspection of RC structures and reduce the global cost of diagnosis [11].…”

Section: Limitation On the Evaluation Of Corrosion Rate And Interest Of Combining Ndt Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Reinforced concrete structures: A review of corrosion mechanisms and advances in electrical methods for corrosion monitoring

Rodrigues

Gaboreau

Gance

et al. 2021

Construction and Building Materials

207

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Steel corrosion is the main cause of deterioration of reinforced concrete (RC) structures. We provide an up-to-date review on corrosion mechanisms and recent advances in electrical methods for corrosion monitoring. When assessing corrosion mechanism, the inherent heterogeneity of RC structures and the significant effect of environmental factors remain major issues in data interpretations. The steel surface condition and local inhomogeneities at the steel-concrete interface appear to have an important effect on corrosion initiation. Considering uniform corrosion in atmospherically exposed reinforced concrete, the two main influencing factors of the corrosion process are the water content and the pore structure at the steel-concrete interface. However, irrespective of the depassivation mechanism, i.e. carbonation or chloride-induced corrosion, nonuniform corrosion is expected to be the main process for RC structures due to local variations in environmental exposure or the presence of interconnected rebars with different properties. Future studies may then be focused on their effect on macrocell corrosion to gain further insights in the corrosion mechanisms of RC structures. Concerning corrosion monitoring using electrical methods, the half-cell potential technique with potential mapping is accurate for locating areas with a high corrosion risk. Recent developments in the measurement of concrete resistivity have shown that the use of electrical resistivity tomography allows to consider appropriately the inherent heterogeneity of concrete and provides more insights on transport phenomena (e.g. water and salts ingress) in the material. Nevertheless, during the corrosion propagation stage, the polarization resistance remains the most important parameter to be determined as it provides quantitative information of the corrosion rate. If conventional three-electrode configuration methods can supply an accurate determination in the case of uniform corrosion, they often fail in the case of macrocell corrosion in field experiments. Recent advances have shown that a four-electrode configuration without any connection to the rebar can rather be used for the non-destructive testing and evaluation of corrosion. If studies are still required to quantify the corrosion rate, this method appears sensitive to localized corrosion and thus more suitable to field investigations. Finally, the coupling of numerical simulations with complementary electrical and other non-destructive testing methods is essential for consolidating the results to provide a better diagnosis of the service life of RC structures.

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Section: Limitation On the Evaluation Of Corrosion Rate And Interest Of Combining Ndt Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Limitation On the Evaluation Of Corrosion Rate And Interest Of Combining Ndt Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reinforced concrete structures: A review of corrosion mechanisms and advances in electrical methods for corrosion monitoring

Rodrigues

Gaboreau

Gance

et al. 2021

Construction and Building Materials

207

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Cl − is closely related to maintaining the acid-base balance of body fluids. Moreover, Cl − participates in the process of cell proliferation, regulation, excitability, and immune response, and more importantly, it can stabilize cell membrane potential (Cuartero et al, 2018;Zhang et al, 2020). If the chloride ion is out of balance, it will cause serious diseases, such as cystic muscular dystrophy, sickle cell anemia, fibrosis, and so on (De Koninck, 2007;Kaila et al, 2014;Zajac et al, 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

One-Step Synthesis of Green Fluorescent Carbon Dots for Chloride Detecting and for Bioimaging

Yue

et al. 2021

Front. Chem.

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The chloride ion is an essential ion in organisms, which plays an important role in maintaining normal cell functions. It is involved in many cell activities, such as cell proliferation, cell excitability regulation, immune response, and volume regulation. Accurate detection of the chloride ion can balance its concentration in vivo, which is of great significance. In this study, we developed a green fluorescent carbon quantum dot to detect chloride concentration through the “off–on” mechanism. First, the fluorescence of carbon dots is quenched by the complex of sulfhydryl and silver ions on the surface of carbon dots. Then, the addition of chloride ions pulls away the silver ions and restores the fluorescence. The fluorescence recovery is linearly related to the concentration of chloride ions, and the limit of detection is 2.817 μM, which is much lower than those of other reported chloride probes. Besides, cell and zebrafish experiments confirmed the biosafety and biocompatibility of the carbon dots, which provided a possibility for further applications in bioimaging in vivo.

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“…On the basis of the chemical behavior between silver and chloride, sensors have been made to quantify chloride ions in concrete directly [ 12 , 13 ]. The performance of an embedded chloride sensor in cementitious materials depends on many factors, from concrete properties to sensor surface conditions [ 14 ] and some studies have reported good performances of such sensors [ 15 , 16 ]. However, some differences in the quantification of chloride ions may appear depending on the method used, because the sensors detect the ions in the interface sensor/cement paste while the destructive normalised methodology quantifies the total amount of chloride ions by the cement weight.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of a Handheld X-ray Fluorescence Analyser to Quantify Chloride Ions In Situ: A Case Study of Structural Repair

2021

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To ensure that a structure will last throughout its service life, repairing reinforced concrete entails, among others, correctly marking off the area affected by aggressive agents that may deteriorate both the concrete and the steel. Chloride, the most damaging source of reinforcement corrosion, may diffuse to a greater or lesser distance from the surface depending on the ease of penetration. In this study, we calibrated a handheld X-ray fluorescence analyser (hXRF) and used it to quantify the chloride concentration in cement-based materials. The findings were verified against a series of samples of known concentration to establish a suitable correction factor. Chloride ions were quantified precisely and accurately with the hXRF instrument, and we calculated a correction factor of 1.16. The instrument and the information recorded were used to quantify the chloride ion content in different parts of an existing structure. The analyser identified apparently healthy areas that could, nonetheless, pose oxidation problems in the near future due to significant chloride concentration. Chloride quantification data at different depths can be used to draw diffusion or penetration profiles and to determine whether ion concentration around the reinforcement is within the recommended limits. The method developed can be applied in situ to quickly locate the most critical areas.

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A state-of-the-art review on Ag/AgCl ion-selective electrode used for non-destructive chloride detection in concrete

Cited by 34 publications

References 116 publications

Reinforced concrete structures: A review of corrosion mechanisms and advances in electrical methods for corrosion monitoring

Reinforced concrete structures: A review of corrosion mechanisms and advances in electrical methods for corrosion monitoring

One-Step Synthesis of Green Fluorescent Carbon Dots for Chloride Detecting and for Bioimaging

Use of a Handheld X-ray Fluorescence Analyser to Quantify Chloride Ions In Situ: A Case Study of Structural Repair

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