A State-of-the-Art Review on the Drive of Renewables in Gujarat, State of India: Present Situation, Barriers and Future Initiatives

Abstract

Given the recent increasing public focus on climate change issues, the share of electricity generation by renewable energy resources is increasing day by day. Increased renewables share will give us robust, sustainable, and climate-friendly energy systems for the future. Renewable energy penetration with the current power systems needs substantial research, planning and development which are now the primary focus throughout the world. In this study, a global renewable energy scenario is explained in detail in contrast with India, considering a case study elucidating the comprehensive review of the Gujarat state in India. The primary focus is on Gujarat state's actions plans to pertain to harvest renewable energy and maximizing its share in the energy mix. This study examines the actions and the policies adopted by the Gujarat government to overcome the potential barriers in order to support non-conventional as well as renewable energy development. It also investigates the numerous techno-economic and social constraints with possible solutions in promoting the deployment of upcoming renewable energy resources across Gujarat. This study can be used as a guideline for the government, policymakers, utilities, stakeholders and researchers to promote an increased renewable energy share in Gujarat as well as at other places around the globe.Energies 2020, 13, 40 2 of 30 Development Goals (SDGs) in January 2016, with 17 goals, which also aimed at achieving affordable and clean energy for all [4]. The government of India, under the SDG's India Index, is planning to deliver a complete view on the "social, economic, and environmental status of the country". The National Institution for Transforming India (NITI), shortly referred to as NITI Aayog, started a broad exercise to measure the progress of "India and its States towards the SDGs for 2030" [5]. As of 2010, the global power production from non-hydro renewable energy resources accounted for about 3.3%. The support from the new policies, there has been a growth in renewables, which increased to 5% by 2011 [6]. In the early days, most industrialized countries were considered as the roots of renewable energy innovation. However, in recent years, many developing countries, especially China and India, have become popular leaders in renewable energy use, as well as an innovation [7].Considering India's current energy situation, it should decrease the emissions from the energy sector in the future and is expected to curb the rise in temperatures to below 2 • C by 2100 to support the global effect indicated in the Paris agreement [8]. About 44% of India's rural households, i.e., 138 million, produce lighting through electricity, an efficient and reliable source of power. The remaining 55% primarily use kerosene, an inefficient source and its price have also become costly [9]. The depletion of natural resources and increasing demand is ubiquitous in all states of India. There is a shortage of energy, and hence, it slows down India's industrial and economic growth. The erection o...

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