A State-of-the-Art Survey of Coverless Text Information Hiding

Abstract

Information plays a pre-eminent role in people's routine lives. It provides people with facts about abundant topics of interest. Information can be represented by a variety of communicative media such as text, video, audio, and image, out of which text is the most common medium for representing the information. In the digital era, the information can easily be imitated, exchanged and distributed from one place to another in an instant. Thus, it is incredibly essential to hide the confidential information so that it couldn't be accessed by unauthorized means. The traditional information hiding techniques require a designated carrier to hide the secret information, which ultimately introduces some modifications in the carrier. As a result, it is quite hard for the existing traditional methods to escape from the steganalysis. In contrast to conventional information hiding techniques, the term 'coverless information hiding' has been coined by the researchers lately, which doesn't require a designated carrier to conceal the secret information. Hence, the technique of coverless information hiding can efficiently resist the attacks of steganalysis. This paper presents a state-of-the-art survey of coverless text information hiding by discussing the current scope of the aforementioned technique comprehensively. The existing coverless text information hiding methods are compared and contrasted by various vital aspects such as embedding capacity, algorithm efficiency, ability to resist steganalysis, and methods' theoretical and real-world significance. Moreover, some future aspects of coverless text information hiding are highlighted at the end.

Mercado de trabalho em Tecnologia da Comunicação e Informação (TI): análise de um experimento de aproximação entre academia e indústria no Porto Digital

“…• Processos de melhoria na qualidade da formac ¸ão e processos para alinhar as habilidades requeridas pela indústria na academia, como a elaborac ¸ão de modelos de currículos educacionais [Naim et al 2019, Juvane et al 2016]. • O fomento de bolsas de estudos [Juvane et al 2020] ,…”

“…• A melhoria na formac ¸ão dos professores [Garg andVarma 2008, Naim et al 2019], a contratac ¸ão de professores com experiência prática e o uso de novos métodos de ensino [Juvane et al 2016]. • Prover aos acadêmicos, experiências de "mundo real" [Radermacher et al 2014] • Trazer a indústria para a sala de aula [Naim et al 2019],…”

Coverless Text Information Hiding Based on Built-in Features of Arabic Scripts

“…It is crucial to differentiate between the term "coverless" and the absence of a carrier signal. In this context, "coverless information hiding" denotes that the hidden information does not require embedding within a predetermined carrier [17]. Typically, coverless information hiding techniques exhibit three primary characteristics: they involve no modification, no embedding, and demonstrate resistance to steganalysis attacks [18], [19].…”

A Coverless Text Steganography by Encoding the Chinese Characters' Component Structures

“…The traditional text stego-systems (Bennett, 2004;Richard, 2004) are mainly implemented by modifying a text by leveraging its redundancy in text formats, the characters' appearances, text syntax or semantics, and so on. Due to the aforementioned issues, the emerging trends in text steganography is to generate a new text or select a text to be a carrier, which is usually called "coverless text information hiding" (Chen et al, 2015;Ali, 2018;Wang, 2019), instead of modifying a text. Herein, "coverless" doesn't mean no carrier to convey a secret, but actually, it performs no modification to a carrier.…”