A Statistical Analysis of Water Works Data for 1955

Seidel, Harris F.; Baumann, E. Robert

doi:10.1002/j.1551-8833.1957.tb15522.x

Cited by 28 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…In effect, these consumers paid a fixed rate and to include them in the sample might bias the results. This point is discussed in the review of the Seidel and Bauman study (8) in the text of this paper. In order to eliminate these consumers from the sample a third price measure, incremental price (XI,,), is used adopting the procedure of Andrews and Gibbs (1).…”

Section: Methodology and Analysismentioning

confidence: 93%

“…One of the first significant studies was published in 1957 when Harris F. Seidel and Robert E. Bauman used aggregated national water production data and constructed a simple linear regression model to determine the relationshiop between price and water consumption (8). They used aggregated data, production rather than distribution data, and included average price as the only explanatory variable.…”

Section: Arkansas Intrastate Diffei~ences In Residential Water Demanmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Intrastate differences in residential water demand

Ford

Ziegler

1981

Ann Reg Sci

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To date, the results of studies which attempted to estimate residential water demand models have varied, but the source of these variations is not evident because the studies have applied different methodologies and data bases to different regions. The purpose of this paper is to develop models of residential water demand for watershed regions and test the null hypothesis that a single model is adequate to explain variations for all of the individual regions. Primary data collected from questionnaires and utility company records is used in a regression analysis to estimate a generalized water demand model for the state as well as one for each of the subregions. The null hypothesis is rejected which indicates that there are other factors which influence the demand for water and the use of a single model could result in biased estimates.

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Section: Methodology and Analysismentioning

confidence: 93%

Section: Arkansas Intrastate Diffei~ences In Residential Water Demanmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intrastate differences in residential water demand

Ford

Ziegler

1981

Ann Reg Sci

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“…Fourt [1958] and Howe and Linaweaver [1967] have found residential (i.e., domestic) price elasticity to be around --0.4, which agrees closely with our estimates. Total municipal demand price elasticities have been estimated by Seidel and Baumann [1957] to be near --1 for certain price levels, whereas Wong et al [1963] /or Water 359 obtained estimates of around --0.6 and --0.7 in some of their equations, and estimates insignificantly different from zero in others. Assuming that total demand elasticities are some average of those for households and industry, these results more or less support our findings that industrial price elasticities are significantly higher for industry than for households.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The demand for water: Some empirical evidence on consumers' Response to a commodity uncertain in supply

Turnovsky¹

1969

Water Resources Research

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Based on a theoretical model that studies how individuals respond to a commodity uncertain in supply, this paper estimates some demand functions for water in situations where supplies are known to be stochastic. The model is applied to data consisting of a sample of Massachusetts towns, separate functions being estimated for household and in-dustriM demand. Two cross sections are estimated, one for 1962 and one for 1965, the beginning and the end, respectively, of the New England drought.As far as household demand is concerned, price, uncertainty as measured by supply variance, and particularly housing space are significant, whereas for industrial demand only the first two variables are significant. The results also indicate that firms are more responsive than households to both price and uncertainty and that their response to uncertainty lessened as a result of the drought, an implication that agrees with the theoretical model. ess [Turnovsky, 1969].Much of the work in Turnovsky [1968, 1969] is devoted to determining how the individual responds to parameter changes and in particular how he responds to uncertainty as measured by Ox?/Oa•% In this paper we endeavor to test empirically some of the implications of the theoretically derived model. (It is not necessary to give any details of the model here. The interested reader is referred to Turnovsky [1968, 1969], where they are described in detail. For our purposes all that is relevant is that they give rise to a set of demand functions of the form (1.2).) We have chosen to apply the model to the estimation of the planned demand for water, since in certain regions water supply has been extremely variable in supply during recent years. Moreover, our theory deals specifically with nonstorable commodities and, as most individuals do not have facilities to store water, water is a particularly appropriate commodity to act as a testing ground.There are, however, several stages in transforming the function (1.2) into one suitable for practical estimation and testing. First is the problem of aggregating these individual rela- 350 The Demand for Water 351 tionships to levels at which data are available. Very few data describing individual behavior are available, so that some aggregation is inevitable. In the application of this paper, data are available at the municipal level, so that aggregation to this level is implicit in our empirical work. Whether aggregate demands will have the same characteristics as individual demands is not always clear and will depend, for example, on the relative weights of the individuals in the aggregation. However, if we assume, as we shall, that all individuals respond in the same direction to all parameters, then the aggregate response will behave similarly.

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“…On this basis, about 20 mi of dual mains, 10 mi For larger cities, in the population range of 25,000-50,000, distribution main length varies from 0.9 to 4.7 mi (average, 2.6 mi) per 1,000 consumers. 46 If a value of 3.0 mi per 1,000 is assumed, a city of 25,000 would require about 150 mi of dual mains, 75 mi for each supply. The potable water distribution system might consist of 2-, 4-, 6-, 8-, 10-, 12-, and 14-in.…”

Section: Distribution Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dual Water Systems

Haney¹,

Hamann²

1965

Journal AWWA

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The purpose of this study was to examine the feasibility of using dual water systems to furnish high quality water for drinking and other home uses. Dual water systems are defined as those involving distribution of two grades of water to consumers through independent pipe networks. The study also included the development of comparative costs of complete water systems that employ conventional and dual distribution systems.

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A Statistical Analysis of Water Works Data for 1955

Cited by 28 publications

References 4 publications

Intrastate differences in residential water demand

Intrastate differences in residential water demand

The demand for water: Some empirical evidence on consumers' Response to a commodity uncertain in supply

Dual Water Systems

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