A step forward in the quest for a mobile EEG-designed epoch for psychophysiological studies

Abstract

The aim of this study was to compare a reconfigurable mobile electroencephalography (EEG) system (M-EMOTIV) based on the Emotiv Epoc® (which has the ability to record up to 14 electrode sites in the 10/20 International System) and a commercial, clinical-grade EEG system (Neuronic MEDICID-05®), and then validate the rationale and accuracy of recordings obtained with the prototype proposed. In this approach, an Emotiv Epoc® was modified to enable it to record in the parieto-central area. All subjects (15 healthy individuals) performed a visual oddball task while connected to both devices to obtain electrophysiological data and behavioral responses for comparative analysis. A Pearson’s correlation analysis revealed a good between-devices correlation with respect to electrophysiological measures. The present study not only corroborates previous reports on the ability of the Emotiv Epoc® to suitably record EEG data but presents an alternative device that allows the study of a wide range of psychophysiological experiments with simultaneous behavioral and mobile EEG recordings.

Measurement of Stress Relief during Scented Cosmetic Product Application Using a Mood Questionnaire, Stress Hormone Levels and Brain Activation

“…The brain activation measurements (Section 3.4) showed a trend towards a significant increase in alpha activity after odor exposure to the AC sample containing the extract after an induction phase. In the literature, this effect was also described by the inhalation of other extracts and essential oils [38][39][40].…”

“…The EEG power spectrum is classified into different frequency bands such as gamma (30)(31)(32)(33)(34)(35)(36)(37)(38)(39)(40)(41)(42)(43)(44), beta (13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25)(26)(27)(28)(29)(30), alpha (7.5-13 Hz), theta (4-8 Hz) and delta (1-4 Hz) frequency bands, and each band is correlated with different features of brain states. In the common awake state with eyes open, gamma and beta waves are dominant.…”

“…One possibility would be to use a mobile EEG device with four electrodes that is significantly less expensive, is applied in a time-saving manner similar to a headband and is more comfortable and less invasive for the test person. Previous studies showed good applicability of mobile EEG devices regarding psychophysiological response measurements, but in those studies, mobile devices with more than 4, in particular, 14 electrodes, were utilized [40]. Further, with the help of those devices, brain response in a sports science context [41], in urban environments [42] or pathological processes such as epilepsy were monitored [43].…”

An Analysis of the External Validity of EEG Spectral Power in an Uncontrolled Outdoor Environment during Default and Complex Neurocognitive States

“…Fortunately, mobile EEG technologies have recently emerged that have opened up new possibilities for the measurement of EEG signals related to active behavior conducted inside or outside of the laboratory [ 2 ]. This technology involves small, battery-powered, wearable EEG amplifiers that can record the brain signals of participants while they naturalistically engage in task performance within a variety of interactive environments [ 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 ]. Research using this technology is still in its early stages, with key methodological, analytical, and interpretational hurdles yet to be resolved [ 2 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 ].…”

“…A third factor to consider when testing the external validity of laboratory QEEG findings is the particular QEEG metric utilized to index brain functioning. The majority of previous studies using mobile EEG to study brain function have utilized event-related potential (ERP) measures of averaged stimulus-locked EEG activity [ 5 , 12 , 17 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 25 , 27 , 40 ], with few studies examining tonic or event-related spectral power [ 8 , 16 , 23 , 24 , 26 ]. Other studies have used measures of spectral power or functional connectivity to study the technical performance of mobile EEG equipment rather than brain function per se [ 7 , 9 ].…”