A stepwise recovery of metals from hybrid cathodes of spent Li-ion batteries with leaching-flotation-precipitation process

Huang, Yanfang; Han, Gaorong; Liu, Jiongtian; Chai, Wencui; Wang, Wenjuan; Yang, Shicheng; Su, Shi‐Lei

doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2016.06.072

Cited by 207 publications

(66 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…To manage these challenges, a research group from the Worcester Polytechnic Institute has developed a process that included all major types of LIBs, which generated a final refurbished NMC cathodic material and iron phosphate residue [43,85]. Similarly, Huang et al developed a process suitable for treating a mixture of low-value cathodic materials, namely LMO and LFP [86]. However, such processes could be very sensitive to variations in feed composition and would most probably require a proper feed management system, including storage and blending to homogenize the proportions of both types of batteries.…”

Section: Battery Sortingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Progress and Status of Hydrometallurgical and Direct Recycling of Li-Ion Batteries and Beyond

et al. 2020

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An exponential market growth of Li-ion batteries (LIBs) has been observed in the past 20 years; approximately 670,000 tons of LIBs have been sold in 2017 alone. This trend will continue owing to the growing interest of consumers for electric vehicles, recent engagement of car manufacturers to produce them, recent developments in energy storage facilities, and commitment of governments for the electrification of transportation. Although some limited recycling processes were developed earlier after the commercialization of LIBs, these are inadequate in the context of sustainable development. Therefore, significant efforts have been made to replace the commonly employed pyrometallurgical recycling method with a less detrimental approach, such as hydrometallurgical, in particular sulfate-based leaching, or direct recycling. Sulfate-based leaching is the only large-scale hydrometallurgical method currently used for recycling LIBs and serves as baseline for several pilot or demonstration projects currently under development. Conversely, most project and processes focus only on the recovery of Ni, Co, Mn, and less Li, and are wasting the iron phosphate originating from lithium iron phosphate (LFP) batteries. Although this battery type does not dominate the LIB market, its presence in the waste stream of LIBs causes some technical concerns that affect the profitability of current recycling processes. This review explores the current processes and alternative solutions to pyrometallurgy, including novel selective leaching processes or direct recycling approaches.

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Section: Battery Sortingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Progress and Status of Hydrometallurgical and Direct Recycling of Li-Ion Batteries and Beyond

et al. 2020

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“…The treatment method should not produce toxic chemical sludge such that disposal remains ecofriendly and cost-effective [215]. Several examples on the use of precipitating agents to extract various metals have been reported [216][217][218][219].…”

Section: Chemical Precipitationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolution of Environmentally Friendly Strategies for Metal Extraction

et al. 2020

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The demand for the recovery of valuable metals and the need to understand the impact of heavy metals in the environment on human and aquatic life has led to the development of new methods for the extraction, recovery, and analysis of metal ions. With special emphasis on environmentally friendly approaches, efforts have been made to consider strategies that minimize the use of organic solvents, apply micromethodology, limit waste, reduce costs, are safe, and utilize benign or reusable materials. This review discusses recent developments in liquid- and solid-phase extraction techniques. Liquid-based methods include advances in the application of aqueous two- and three-phase systems, liquid membranes, and cloud point extraction. Recent progress in exploiting new sorbent materials for solid-phase extraction (SPE), solid-phase microextraction (SPME), and bulk extractions will also be discussed.

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“…reported the recovery of Li, Fe, and Mn from cathodes of spent batteries using HCl and H 2 O 2. Others recycled LIBs via mechanical processing to separate metals based on their density . Georgi‐Maschler et al .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[ 14] Others recycled LIBs via mechanical processing to separate metals based on their density. [15] Georgi-Maschler et al developed a process to recycle LIBs by combining mechanical pretreatment with hydro-and pyro-metallurgical processes followed by the use of electric arc furnace to refine the extracted metals, This process managed to recover cobalt and lithium as well as cobalt alloy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recycling of Li−Ni−Mn−Co Hydroxide from Spent Batteries to Produce High‐Performance Supercapacitors with Exceptional Stability

et al. 2020

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The intensive implementation of Li‐ion batteries in many markets makes it increasingly urgent to address the recycling of strategic materials from spent batteries. Batteries typically contain toxic chemicals and cannot be disposed of at will. In this study, Li−Ni−Mn−Co hydroxides are successfully recycled from spent Li‐ion batteries electrodeposited on nickel foam, and fully characterized using different techniques such as field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDXS), inductively coupled plasma (ICP), and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) techniques. The recycled nanostructured films are tested in a three‐electrode electrochemical system to investigate their capacitance behavior. The recycled electrodes show high capacitance of 951 F g−1 (specific capacity of 523.5 C g−1) at 1 A g−1. Moreover, the recycled materials are used as positive electrodes to construct asymmetric supercapacitor devices. The device shows a coulombic efficiency of 100 %, a capacitance retention reaching approximately 90 % with excellent cycling stability after 10 000 cycles as well as reasonable power and energy densities.

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A stepwise recovery of metals from hybrid cathodes of spent Li-ion batteries with leaching-flotation-precipitation process

Cited by 207 publications

References 35 publications

Progress and Status of Hydrometallurgical and Direct Recycling of Li-Ion Batteries and Beyond

Progress and Status of Hydrometallurgical and Direct Recycling of Li-Ion Batteries and Beyond

Evolution of Environmentally Friendly Strategies for Metal Extraction

Recycling of Li−Ni−Mn−Co Hydroxide from Spent Batteries to Produce High‐Performance Supercapacitors with Exceptional Stability

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