A Stimulus-Oriented Approach to Memory

Sekuler, Robert; Kahana, Michael J.

doi:10.1111/j.1467-8721.2007.00526.x

Cited by 31 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…In this case, the relational interaction was temporal (as opposed to spatially simultaneous). Nonetheless, it suggests that specific colors can influence the ways other specific colors are remembered, a point that is consistent with work in a variety of domains beyond color [12]. Box 1.…”

Section: Context-specific Features Of Perceptionmentioning

confidence: 76%

Relating color working memory and color perception

Allred¹,

Flombaum²

2014

Trends in Cognitive Sciences

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Section: Context-specific Features Of Perceptionmentioning

confidence: 76%

Relating color working memory and color perception

Allred¹,

Flombaum²

2014

Trends in Cognitive Sciences

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“…a non-matching p ), to draw false recognitions varies with that lure’s similarity to study items: other things being equal, a lure that is similar to one or more study items will attract more false recognitions than one that is dissimilar to the study items (Sekuler and Kahana, 2007). Various experimental manipulations, including manipulations of attention, can alter the proportion and distribution of false recognition responses.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Specifically, we fixed the similarity of s 1 to s 2 , and applied a “roving probe” technique to the test probes, in which p can take on one of several (in this case, 15) similarity values relative to the study items. By using this technique, it is possible to map out mnemometric functions , indices of memory strength’s distributions (Sekuler and Kahana, 2007; Williams et al, 1918; Zhou et al., 2004). To these distributions, we fit Skew-Normal functions (Azzalini, 1985, 1986; Bansal et al, 2008), which allowed us to directly measure changes in the spread and skew of the observed mnemometric functions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Similarity-based distortion of visual short-term memory is due to perceptual averaging

Dubé

Zhou²,

Kahana

et al. 2014

Vision Research

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A task-irrelevant stimulus can distort recall from visual short-term memory (VSTM). Specifically, reproduction of a task-relevant memory item is biased in the direction of the irrelevant memory item (Huang and Sekuler, 2010a). The present study addresses the hypothesis that such effects reflect the influence of neural averaging under conditions of uncertainty about the contents of VSTM (Alvarez, 2011; Ball and Sekuler, 1980). We manipulated subjects’ attention to relevant and irrelevant study items whose similarity relationships were held constant, while varying how similar the study items were to a subsequent recognition probe. On each trial, subjects were shown one or two Gabor patches, followed by the probe; their task was to indicate whether the probe matched one of the study items. A brief cue told subjects which Gabor, first or second, would serve as that trial’s target item. Critically, this cue appeared either before, between, or after the study items. A distributional analysis of the resulting mnemometric functions showed an inflation in probability density in the region spanning the spatial frequency of the average of the two memory items. This effect, due to an elevation in false alarms to probes matching the perceptual average, was diminished when cues were presented before both study items. These results suggest that a) perceptual averages are computed obligatorily and b) perceptual averages are relied upon to a greater extent when item representations are weakened. Implications of these results for theories of VSTM are discussed.

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“…This “for-better-and-for-worse” phenomenon has been termed “biological sensitivity to context” (Boyce et al, 1995) or “differential susceptibility” (Belsky, 1997). The sensitive/ susceptible child is characterized by difficult temperament and heightened negative emotionality (Belsky, Bakermans-Kranenburg, & van IJzendoorn, 2007; Belsky & Pluess, 2009), and by heightened physiological responses to social stressors (Boyce & Ellis, 2005). There is also evidence that sensitivity/susceptibility may be influenced by genetic factors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Developmental mediation of genetic variation in response to the Fast Track prevention program

et al. 2015

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We conducted a developmental analysis of genetic moderation of the effect of the Fast Track intervention on adult externalizing psychopathology. The Fast Track intervention enrolled 891 children at high risk to develop externalizing behavior problems when they were in kindergarten. Half of the enrolled children were randomly assigned to receive 10 years of treatment with a range of services and resources provided to the children and their families and the other half to usual care (controls). We previously showed that the effect of the Fast Track intervention on participants’ risk of externalizing psychopathology at age 25 years was moderated by a variant in the Glucocorticoid Receptor Gene (NR3C1). Children who carried copies of the A-allele of the single-nucleotide polymorphism rs10482672 had the highest risk of externalizing psychopathology if they were in the control arm of the trial and the lowest risk of externalizing psychopathology if they were in the treatment arm. In this study, we test a developmental hypothesis about the origins of this for-better-and-for-worse gene-by-intervention interaction (GxI): That the observed GxI effect on adult psychopathology is mediated by the proximal impact of intervention on childhood externalizing problems and adolescent substance use and delinquency. We analyzed longitudinal data tracking the 270 European-American children in the Fast Track RCT with available genetic information (129 intervention children and 141 control-group peers, 69% male) from kindergarten through age 25 years. Results show that the same pattern of “for-better-and-for-worse” susceptibility to intervention observed at the age-25 follow-up was evident already during childhood. At the elementary school follow-ups and at the middle/high-school follow-ups, rs10482672 predicted better adjustment among children receiving the Fast Track intervention, and worse adjustment among children in the control condition. In turn, these proximal GxI effects early in development mediated the ultimate GxI effect on externalizing psychopathology at age 25 years. We discuss the contribution of these findings to the growing literature on genetic susceptibility to environmental intervention.

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A Stimulus-Oriented Approach to Memory

Cited by 31 publications

References 14 publications

Relating color working memory and color perception

Relating color working memory and color perception

Similarity-based distortion of visual short-term memory is due to perceptual averaging

Developmental mediation of genetic variation in response to the Fast Track prevention program

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