A Straightforward Method for Adipocyte Size and Count Analysis Using Open-source Software QuPath

Palomäki, Ville A; Koivukangas, Vesa; Meriläinen, Sanna; Lehenkari, Petri; Karttunen, Tuomo J.

doi:10.1080/21623945.2022.2027610

Cited by 16 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…To assess adipocyte density in SAT for each subject, two 10E6 μm 2 sample areas from homogeneous adipocyte areas were delineated and sent to ImageJ. ImageJ plugin Adipocyte Tools [ 30 , 31 ] was used to determine the number and size of the adipocytes. Faulty detections were manually corrected, and the exact area containing the selections was delineated to calculate accurate adipocyte density.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dynamics of adipose tissue macrophage populations after gastric bypass surgery

Palomäki

Lehenkari

Meriläinen

et al. 2022

Obesity

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Objective: This case-control study aimed to analyze the dynamics of macrophage infiltration in subcutaneous adipose tissue following bariatric surgery or conservative treatment of obesity and to clarify whether these features predict the weight loss outcome after the surgery.Methods: Subcutaneous tissue samples taken before and 12 months after laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery (n = 39) or conservative (n = 43) treatment for obesity were analyzed. Fat cell size was determined, and with CD68 immunohistochemistry, crown-like structures (CLS) were counted and single macrophages were quantitated.Results: A major decline in CLS density from 4.1 (SD 3.5) to 1.1 (SD 0.8) per 1000 fat cells (p < 0.000) was found, regardless of the degree of weight loss after the surgery.Surgery had no effect on the fraction of infiltrating single-cell macrophages in subcutaneous adipose tissue. The abundance of these macrophage populations before the intervention did not predict the degree of postsurgery weight loss or suboptimal response to the surgery. Conclusions:The effect of gastric bypass on adipose tissue inflammatory status associates closely with CLS density even in subjects with suboptimal weight loss. The study suggests that factors related to bypass surgery other than weight loss modify the inflammatory response in adipose tissue.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…ImageJ plugin Adipocyte Tools [30,31] was used to determine the number and size of the adipocytes. Faulty detections were manually corrected, and the exact area containing the selections was delineated to calculate accurate adipocyte density.…”

Section: Image Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamics of adipose tissue macrophage populations after gastric bypass surgery

Palomäki

Lehenkari

Meriläinen

et al. 2022

Obesity

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“…Adipose tissue development plays a key role in metabolic homeostasis and is dependent on the establishment and maintenance of an appropriate adipocyte number and/or size (26) . Thus, abnormal changes in fat cell size are associated with metabolic impairment (27) . However, analysing the growth of adipose tissue has been challenging due to the heterogeneity of AS, which is not normally distributed.…”

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confidence: 99%

High-fat diet consumption by male rat offspring of obese mothers exacerbates adipose tissue hypertrophy and metabolic alterations in adult life

et al. 2022

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Obese mothers’ offspring develop obesity and metabolic alterations in adulthood. Poor postnatal dietary patterns also contribute to obesity and its comorbidities. We aimed to determine whether in obese mothers’ offspring an adverse postnatal environment, such as high-fat diet (HFD) consumption (second hit) exacerbates body fat accumulation, metabolic alterations and adipocyte size distribution. Female Wistar rats ate chow (C-5%-fat) or HFD (MO-25%-fat) from weaning until the end of lactation. Male offspring were weaned on either control (C/C and MO/C, maternal diet/offspring diet) or HFD (C/HF and MO/HF) diet. At 110 postnatal days offspring were euthanized. Fat depots were excised to estimate adiposity index (AI). Serum glucose, triglyceride, leptin, insulin, insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR), corticosterone, and dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) were determined. Adipocyte size distribution was evaluated in retroperitoneal fat. Body weight was similar in C/C and MO/C but higher in C/HF and MO/HF. AI, leptin, insulin, and HOMA-IR were higher in MO/C and C/HF vs C/C but lower than MO/HF. Glucose increased in MO/HF vs MO/C. C/HF and MO/C had higher triglyceride and corticosterone than C/C, but lower corticosterone than MO/HF. DHEA and the DHEA/corticosterone ratio were lower in C/HF and MO/C vs C/C, but higher than MO/HF. Small adipocyte proportion decreased while large adipocyte proportions increased in MO/C and C/HF vs C/C and exacerbated in MO/HF vs C/HF. Postnatal consumption of a HFD by the offspring of obese mothers exacerbates body fat accumulation as well as the decrease of small and the increase of large adipocytes, that lead to larger metabolic abnormalities.

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“…Adipocytes on the slides were detected by the in-built classifier in the QuPath according to the method developed by Palomaki et al . 68 . Briefly, a random trees-based pixel classifier was trained to detect the adipocytes cells by the morphology.…”

Section: Star Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, sphingolipid, and phosphatidylcholine metabolism are dysregulated inT. gondiiinfection-induced cachexia

Feng

Melchor

Guhman

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Cachexia is a life-threatening disease characterized by chronic, inflammatory muscle wasting and systemic metabolic impairment. Despite its high prevalence, there are no efficacious therapies for cachexia. Mice chronically infected with the protozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii represent a novel animal model recapitulating the chronic kinetics of cachexia. To understand how perturbations to metabolic tissue homeostasis influence circulating metabolite availability we used mass spectrometry analysis. Despite the significant reduction in circulating triacylglycerides, nonesterified fatty acids, and glycerol, sphingolipid long-chain bases and a subset of phosphatidylcholines (PCs) were significantly increased in the sera of mice with T. gondii infection-induced cachexia. In addition, the TCA cycle intermediates alpha-ketoglutarate, 2- hydroxyglutarate, succinate, fumarate, and malate were highly depleted in cachectic mouse sera. Sphingolipids and their de novo synthesis precursors PCs are the major components of the mitochondrial membrane and regulate mitochondrial function consistent with a causal relationship in the energy imbalance driving T. gondii-induced chronic cachexia.

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A Straightforward Method for Adipocyte Size and Count Analysis Using Open-source Software QuPath

Cited by 16 publications

References 25 publications

Dynamics of adipose tissue macrophage populations after gastric bypass surgery

Dynamics of adipose tissue macrophage populations after gastric bypass surgery

High-fat diet consumption by male rat offspring of obese mothers exacerbates adipose tissue hypertrophy and metabolic alterations in adult life

Tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, sphingolipid, and phosphatidylcholine metabolism are dysregulated inT. gondiiinfection-induced cachexia

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