A Strange Case of Dissociative Identity Disorder: Are There Any Triggers?

Rehan, Muhammad Awais; Kuppa, Annapurna; Ahuja, Abhilasha; Khalid, Shazra; Patel, Nishita; Cardi, Firman Sandiyah Budi; Joshi, Viraj V; Khalid, Amna; Tohid, Hassaan

doi:10.7759/cureus.2957

Cited by 8 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…The existence of multiple and separate identity states repeated memory lapses, and severe distress or misfunctioning in day-to-day functioning are some examples of these criteria. Dissociative identity disorder also referred to as multiple personality disorder, is a condition in which the personality of a person is split into two or more separate personalities (Rehan et al,2018).…”

Section: Dissociative Identity Disorder (Did)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring the Awareness of Dissociative Identity Disorder through Pakistani Drama Serial Ishq Zahe Naseeb

2024

AHSS

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Dissociative disorders are a group of conditions that involve disruption in memory, awareness, identity and perception leading to impairment in social functioning, employment and interpersonal relationships of an individual. DID starts in early childhood and disrupts normal developmental stages. The child struggles to establish a subjective unitary sense of self. This unusual and thought-provoking play addresses psychological depths in addition to romantic themes. This study aims to explore the awareness of dissociative identity disorder through the Pakistani drama serial 'Ishq Zahe Naseeb' and also understand of portrayal of disorder in the drama, among people. It includes 15 male and 15 female participants divided into three categories; undergraduate, graduate and working. It appears that there is more awareness among undergraduate participants regarding the disorder after watching the drama as compared to graduated and working participants. Participants in these categories stated that disorder is portrayed negatively in the drama.

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Section: Dissociative Identity Disorder (Did)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring the Awareness of Dissociative Identity Disorder through Pakistani Drama Serial Ishq Zahe Naseeb

2024

AHSS

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“…Ego states usually manifest unconsciously when a subject is faced with adverse environmental and social triggers. 7 Alters are interpreted as separate states of being, that have been reported to express an individual's set of ideas, values, memories, personality, CT and MRI scans. Reinders et al conducted a study using whole brain correlation analysis in a subset of patients with DID observed significant reduction in the cortical volume in areas such as the insula, anterior cingulate and parietal regions of the brain.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In some instances, an aura has been reported to supersede an alter being pulled from the unconscious to the subconscious. 7 The memories that many of the alters elicit are often entirely different from what the original persona has experienced, so much so that it cannot yet be explained by dementia or any other medical condition. 8 DID and other psychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia have some diagnostic features in common that can often make it challenging to differentiate these comparable conditions.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Using volumetric brain analysis to differentiate a patient with 117 multiple personalities from schizophrenia: a case report and literature review

Khan¹,

Azizi²,

Naisan³

et al. 2020

JPCPY

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gender, age, and even facial expressions that is entirely separate from their original, unique persona. In some instances, an aura has been reported to supersede an alter being pulled from the unconscious to the subconscious. 7 The memories that many of the alters elicit are often entirely different from what the original persona has experienced, so much so that it cannot yet be explained by dementia or any other medical condition. 8 DID and other psychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia have some diagnostic features in common that can often make it challenging to differentiate these comparable conditions. Schizophrenia and DID may both exhibit auditory hallucinations, negative symptoms, some degree of cortical atrophy, and are both often associated with comorbid substance abuse. In current literature, however, clinicians have found some differentiating ideas and evidence that suggest a number of key differences between these disorders. Of note is the finding that the auditory hallucination manifested in up to 80% of patients with DID often manifest at an early age, are experienced as internal in origin, and rarely responds to antipsychotic medication. 8 Conversely, patients with schizophrenia experience hallucinations as environmental, third person, external, or internal in origin and this is usually associated with negative symptoms such as flat affect, catatonia, associability, and anhedonia. Schizophrenia has also shown better response profiles to antipsychotic medication compared to DID. 9 Some patients diagnosed with schizophrenia have also reported higher delusion scores than DID. It is important to note that one of the major diagnostic differences between these disorders is the presence of amnesia or significant disparities in time. Some theories have suggested that DID patients engage in an autohypnotic phenomenon, as a defense mechanism, and have endured significant childhood trauma that is hypothesized to potentiate the onset of the disorder. 8 In contrast, childhood trauma does not seem to be directly related to the onset of schizophrenia and other psychiatric conditions. There is evidence that up to 90% of patients with DID also meet the diagnostic criteria for PTSD. This comorbidity is important to note when examining brain imaging. In addition, other conditions such as borderline personality disorder, bipolar disorder, anxiety disorders, dysfunctional early childhood attachment styles, and childhood neglect have all been implicated or associated with DID in literature. 10 Risk factors for DID include but are not limited to chronic childhood trauma, young age (onset from 28-34 years old), suicidal ideation with previous attempts, monozygotic twins, promiscuity, gender dysphoria, substance abuse, comorbid psychiatric conditions, and depersonalization. 8,10 Many psychiatric disorders are associated with significant changes in brain morphology at gross and molecular levels. The aim of our study is to explore the possibility of using volumetric analysis of specific brain regions to support the diagno...

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“…There have been multiple reports published on the correlation between alcohol abuse and ADHD [4]. Alcohol misuse was found to be more frequent in people who were diagnosed with ADHD at the childhood stage [6] and the misuse can also lead to some personality changes [7]. Brinkman et al showed that the starting age for alcohol consumption is lower for adolescents suffering from ADHD as opposed to healthy individuals [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk of Alcohol Abuse in Humans with Attention-deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Symptoms

Kuppa

Maysun

2019

Cureus

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The relationship between attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and the risk of alcohol abuse is widely studied. Even though this topic has been of interest for several years, it is heavily debated. We studied various papers and conducted a systematic review using PubMed as the main source of data collection. We found that several studies put forward the concept of a positive association between alcohol abuse and ADHD symptoms, but a minority of them also showed opposing and contradictory results. We discovered that this inconsistency observed in studies could be a result of a biased approach in studies and a subjective attempt in interpretations. These biases could be studied in terms of sample size involved in the analysis, age at which studies are conducted among other statistical parameters. We believe that the deviations in the outcomes prove that the studies may be incomplete and that a standardized method of interpretation is required. Therefore, this paper recommends the need for further research to explore the connection between alcohol abuse in patients showing ADHD symptoms.

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A Strange Case of Dissociative Identity Disorder: Are There Any Triggers?

Cited by 8 publications

References 9 publications

Exploring the Awareness of Dissociative Identity Disorder through Pakistani Drama Serial Ishq Zahe Naseeb

Exploring the Awareness of Dissociative Identity Disorder through Pakistani Drama Serial Ishq Zahe Naseeb

Using volumetric brain analysis to differentiate a patient with 117 multiple personalities from schizophrenia: a case report and literature review

Risk of Alcohol Abuse in Humans with Attention-deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Symptoms

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