A Strategic and Significant Method for the Optimal Placement of Phasor Measurement Unit for Power System Network

Abstract

Currently the new state of power system relies on a precise monitoring of electrical quantities such as voltage and current phasors. Occasionally, its operation gets disturbed because of the flicking in load and generation which may result in the interruption of power supply or may cause catastrophic failure. The advanced technology of phasor measurement unit (PMU) is introduced in the late 1990s to measure the behavior of power system more symmetrically, accurately, and precisely. However, the implementation of this device at every busbar in a grid station is not an easy task because of its expensive installation and manufacturing cost. As a result, an optimum placement of PMU is much needed in this case. Therefore, this paper proposes a new symmetry approach of multiple objectives for the optimum placement of PMU problem (OPPP) in order to minimize the installed number of PMUs and maximize the measurement redundancy of the network. To overcome the drawbacks of traditional techniques in the proposed work a reduction and exclusion of pure transit node technique is used in the placement set. In which only the strategic, significant, and the most desirable buses are selected without considering zero injection buses (ZIBs). The fundamental novelty of the proposed work considers most importantly the reduction technique of ZIBs from the optimum PMU locations, as far as the prior approaches concern almost every algorithm have taken ZIBs as their optimal placement sets. Furthermore, a PMUs channel limits and an alternative symmetry location for the PMUs placement are considered when there is an outage or PMUs failure may occur. The performance of the proposed method is verified on different IEEE-standard such as: IEEE-9, IEEE-14, IEEE-24, IEEE-30, IEEE-57, IEEE-118, and a New England-39 bus system. The success of the proposed work was compared with the existing techniques’ outcomes from the literature.

Mathematical Models for the Single-Channel and Multi-Channel PMU Allocation Problem and Their Solution Algorithms

“…The optimization output gives an appropriate number of PMUs that is sufficient to monitor the power system [37,38,41,51]. In practice, PMU manufacturers yield a few types of PMU, with distinct functions and varying channel capacities [56,[59][60][61][63][64][65][66][67].…”

“…As a consequence, specific algorithms are studied for optimally placing PMUs with a restricted number of channels at power nodes [60]. We consider an extra constraint function to the allocation problem related to the number of channels to keep complete network observability [56,[59][60][61][63][64][65][66][67].…”

“…Furthermore, the manufacturers supply PMUs with a varying number of channels and PMU cost ranges analogous to channel restriction. Some works study this combinatorial problem considering a restricted number of channels, which is a more realistic OPP scenario [56][57][58][59][60][61][62][63][64][65][66][67][68][69]. The principal constitution of this study is threefold:…”

“…In real-life, each PMU device has a restricted number of channels and thus a more realistic configuration of the PMUs is taken into consideration with a varying channel capacity [47,52,[56][57][58][59][60][61][63][64][65][66][67].…”

“…Therefore, the restriction in the channel limit capacities is taken into consideration to implement a more reasonable configuration of PMUs in grids [56][57][58][59][60][61][62][63][64][65][66][67].…”