“…Different methods have been applied to solve the deterministic version of the problem, which assumes that all the problem parameters are well known. These methods can be classified into three categories: exact methods (Dagdelen and Johnson, 1986;Caccetta and Hill, 2003;Ramazan, 2007;Boland et al, 2009;Bley et al, 2010), heuristic and metaheuristic methods (Gershon, 1987;Denby and Schofield, 1994;Ferland et al, 2007;Chatterjee et al, 2010), and hybrid methods (Tolwinski and Underwood, 1996;Sevim and Lei, 1998;Moreno et al, 2010). However, the uncertain nature of the problem is ignored in the deterministic version of the MPSP, resulting in misleading assessments (Ravenscroft, 1992;Dowd, 1994;Dimitrakopoulos et al, 2002;Godoy and Dimitrakopoulos, 2004).…”