Nitrogen oxides (NOx = NO + NO 2 ) are direct air pollutants responsible for a range of negative health impacts and increased mortality (Forastiere & Peters, 2021). Beyond its direct health impacts, NOx also plays a crucial role in the formation of harmful secondary air pollutants, including ozone and particulate matter (Duncan et al., 2010;Hauglustaine et al., 2014). In the United States (U.S), fossil fuel combustion represents the largest source of NOx emissions, although fossil NOx emissions have been decreasing over the past two decades (Jiang et al., 2022). This decline in fossil NOx emissions has highlighted the increasing importance of other NOx sources, including soils, to the overall NOx budget (Geddes et al., 2022;Miyazaki et al., 2020). While soil NOx emissions (S NOx ) occur naturally in most soils, the most intense emissions are anthropogenic and occur in cropland regions where nitrogen-rich fertilizers are applied to soils (Almaraz et al., 2018). These anthropogenically-influenced emissions have local impacts (Lu et al., 2021). Biogenic S NOx form the bulk of background NOx concentrations, particularly in rural regions (Silvern et al., 2019). Given its growing importance to atmospheric NOx, improved understanding of processes controlling S NOx is imperative for improving our understanding of the role of NOx in the formation of secondary air pollutants and its influence on air quality (Geddes et al., 2022;Qu et al., 2021).