A structural equation model for assessment of links between changes in serum triglycerides, -urate, and -glucose and changes in serum Calcium, -magnesium and -phosphate in Type 2 diabetes and non-diabetes metabolism

BackgroundThe prevalence of diabetes in China is increasing rapidly. However, scarce data are available on serum electrolyte levels in Chinese adults with diabetes, especially in those with cardiovascular complications. This study measured serum electrolyte levels and examined their relationship with macrovascular complications in Chinese adults with diabetes.MethodsThe three gender- and age-matched groups were enrolled into this analysis, which were 1,170 subjects with normal glucose regulation (NGR), 389 with impaired glucose regulation (IGR) and 343 with diabetes. Fasting plasma glucose (FPG), 2-hour post-load plasma glucose (2hPG), glycosylated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) and serum electrolyte levels were measured. Data collection included ankle brachial index results.ResultsSerum sodium and magnesium levels in the diabetes group were significantly decreased compared to the NGR group (sodium: 141.0 ± 2.4 vs. 142.1 ± 2.0 mmol/l; magnesium: 0.88 ± 0.08 vs. 0.91 ± 0.07 mmol/l, all P < 0.01), while the serum calcium level was significantly increased (2.36 ± 0.11 vs. 2.33 ± 0.09 mmol/l, P < 0.01). Multiple linear regression showed that serum sodium and magnesium levels in the diabetes group were negatively correlated with FPG, 2hPG and HbA1c (sodium: Std β = −0.35, -0.19, -0.25; magnesium: Std β = −0.29, -0.17, -0.34, all P < 0.01), while the serum calcium level was positively correlated with HbA1c (Std β = 0.17, P < 0.05). In diabetic subjects, serum sodium, magnesium and potassium levels were decreased in the subjects with the elevation of estimated glomerular filtration rates (P < 0.05). ANCOVA analysis suggested that serum magnesium level in subjects with diabetic macrovascular complications was significantly decreased compared with diabetic subjects without macrovascular complications after the effect of some possible confounding being removed (P < 0.05).ConclusionsSerum sodium and magnesium levels were decreased in Chinese subjects with diabetes, while the observed increase in calcium level correlated with increasing glucose level. Diabetic patients with macrovascular complications had lower serum magnesium level than those with no macrovascular complications.

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“…This observation was consistent with previous studies [27,33,34]. Ca 2+ is mainly reabsorbed in the proximal tubule.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 94%

Serum electrolyte levels in relation to macrovascular complications in Chinese patients with diabetes mellitus

Wang

Hou

Liu

et al. 2013

Cardiovasc Diabetol

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“…, the effect of Mg supplementation on CVD risk factors was not evaluated. Various observational studies also suggest a beneficial role of Mg in reducing the risk of CVD .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of magnesium supplementation on type 2 diabetes associated cardiovascular risk factors: a systematic review and meta‐analysis

Verma

Garg

2017

J Human Nutrition Diet

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“…Therefore, additional biomarkers are being explored, including C-reactive protein (10), alanine aminotransferase (11), triglycerides (12), and plasminogen activator inhibitor (13). ELISA has been widely used in the detection of diabetes biomarkers (14–18).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

A New Strategy for Early Diagnosis of Type 2 Diabetes by Standard-Free, Label-Free LC-MS/MS Quantification of Glycated Peptides

Zhang

Deng

2013

Diabetes

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The early diagnosis of diabetes, one of the top three chronic incurable diseases, is becoming increasingly important. Here, we investigated the applicability of an 18O-labeling technique for the development of a standard-free, label-free liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method for the early diagnosis of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Rather than attempting to identify quantitative differences in proteins as biomarkers, glycation of the highest abundance protein in human plasma, human serum albumin (HSA), was monitored through quantitative analysis of HSA characteristic peptides using the 18O-labeling technique. Eight glucose-sensitive peptides and one glucose-insensitive peptide were discovered. The glucose-insensitive peptide served as the internal standard, and a standard-free, label-free LC-MS/MS method was developed. This method was then used to select putative biomarkers for T2DM in a clinical trial with 389 human plasma samples. As a result, three of the eight glucose-sensitive peptides (FKDLGEENFK, LDELRDEGK, and KVPQVSTPTLVEVSR) were selected and could be used as potential biomarkers for the early diagnosis of T2DM.

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A structural equation model for assessment of links between changes in serum triglycerides, -urate, and -glucose and changes in serum Calcium, -magnesium and -phosphate in Type 2 diabetes and non-diabetes metabolism

Cited by 22 publications

References 31 publications

Serum electrolyte levels in relation to macrovascular complications in Chinese patients with diabetes mellitus

Serum electrolyte levels in relation to macrovascular complications in Chinese patients with diabetes mellitus

Effect of magnesium supplementation on type 2 diabetes associated cardiovascular risk factors: a systematic review and meta‐analysis

A New Strategy for Early Diagnosis of Type 2 Diabetes by Standard-Free, Label-Free LC-MS/MS Quantification of Glycated Peptides

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