A Structural Supercapacitor Based on Graphene and Hardened Cement Paste

Abstract

This paper presents a novel structural supercapacitor based on graphene and hardened cement paste. The maximum specific capacitance is more than 10 F g −1 at the current density of 1A g −1 . The almost ideal rectangular cyclic voltammetry (CV) curve of the structural supercapacitors means that there is no pseudocapacitance effect. The triangular charge-discharge plots of the structural supercapacitor indicate an ideal double layer mechanism in the structural supercapacitor. Both the compressive strength and specific capacitance increase as the water-cement ratio decreases. But they don't change consistently with cement hydration time. As the cement hydrates, the strength increases, but the specific capacitance decreases and tends to a constant value.

Inherently multifunctional geopolymeric cementitious composite as electrical energy storage and self-sensing structural material

“…In these structural capacitors, the reinforcing carbon fiber mats act as electrodes and the specially formulated resin epoxies act 3 as ionic electrolytes [5][6][7]. Research into electrical energy storage in civil engineering structures remains scarce and only a few concepts of OPC-based structural electrical energy storage systems have been proposed to date [8,9]. These cement-based energy storage systems use the pore solution in the cement as electrolyte and cement with additives such as graphene, black carbon, zinc and magnesium dioxide as electrodes [8,9].…”

“…Research into electrical energy storage in civil engineering structures remains scarce and only a few concepts of OPC-based structural electrical energy storage systems have been proposed to date [8,9]. These cement-based energy storage systems use the pore solution in the cement as electrolyte and cement with additives such as graphene, black carbon, zinc and magnesium dioxide as electrodes [8,9]. Unfortunately, the manufacturing of these concepts is a very expensive and complex to process, and more importantly they can only work in the wet state, thus preventing their commercial use.…”

“…The capacitance Ch and the charge density σ of the capacitor at the interface are defined by[25]:where 0 and ′ are the the dielectric constant of the free space and KGP cementitious composite, respectively, kB is the Boltzmann constant, T is the temperature, C0 is the ionic strength of the KGP cementitious composite, NA is the Avogadro constant, e is the elementary charge, σ is the charge density and Vs is the voltage drop across the double layer. Equations(6),(7) and(8) suggest that the overall performance of the KGP capacitors depends slowly on the stability of their capacitance. The stability of the capacitance under temperature and mechanical stress is discussed in section 3.4.3.…”

Elucidation of Conduction Mechanism in Graphene Nanoplatelets (GNPs)/Cement Composite Using Dielectric Spectroscopy

“…Regarding the development of smart buildings, structural health monitoring systems are fundamental for the modern structures and concrete composite sensors are a good candidate due to the intrinsic compatibility with the cement matrix [1]. Finally, multifunctional cement-based materials have been suggested for the development of structural supercapacitors [13][14][15].…”

Substituent effect on supercapacitive performances of conducting polymer‐based redox electrodes: Poly(3′,4′‐bis(alkyloxy) 2,2′:5′,2″‐terthiophene) derivatives

“…In electrochemical double‐layer capacitors (EDLCs), carbon‐based materials such as carbon nanotubes, graphenes, carbon nanofibers, and aerogels have been widely used as electrode materials because of their outstanding electronic properties and excellent mechanical stabilities. These carbonaceous materials use a non‐Faradaic mechanism based on physical sorption/desorption to store charges and release energy, so do conventional dielectric capacitors .…”