A structure-dependent multi-fluid model (SFM) for heterogeneous gas–solid flow

Comparison of numerical approaches to model FCC particles in gas–solid bubbling fluidized bed

“…The likely reason is the operating conditions that are studied in this work which falls in a boundary region between the bubbling and slugging fluidization regimes. The EMMS-Shi model is claimed to obtain satisfactory results for low-velocity conditions (Hong et al, 2013) which probably fall below the operating condition region studied in this work. The EMMS-Hong model, which is a further extension of EMMS-Shi, unifies the approach used by EMMS-Shi and a structure-dependent multi-fluid model (SFM), proposed by Hong et al (2012), to enable considering different cluster structures in the bed (Hong et al, 2013).…”

“…The equations used in the FB model are summarized in Table 4. Predictions from simulations with different drag models such as Wen and Yu (1966), EMMS model of Hong et al (2013), the EMMS of Shi et al (2011) and the Wen-Yu/Ergun approach (Gidaspow, 1994) are compared, and discrepancies are discussed.…”

3D CFD simulation of a circulating fluidized bed with on-line adjustment of mechanical valve

“…The drag coefficient is closed by using the EMMS/matrix model , which has been validated in our previous simulations of the same riser (Hong et al, 2013;Lu et al, 2009;. The detailed fitting functions of the drag are given in Table 1 and the relevant governing equations are given in Table A1.…”

Approaching virtual process engineering with exploring mesoscience

“…The EMMS drag model has now been applied widely because of its effectiveness at upgrading CFD. Extensive studies has been carried out at our institute by validating the model via simulations of the various aspects of the hydrodynamics of lab and pilot scale CFB units [38,39,[41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52][53][54][55], studying its relationship with classical continuum models and therefore formulating structure-dependent continuum models [56][57][58][59][60], doing various industrial projects [61][62][63][64][65][66][67][68] and extending the model to (i) consider the effect of heat and mass transfer as well as chemical reaction [69][70][71][72][73], (ii) consider the effect of particle size distribution [74,75], (iii) simulate the hydrodynamics of bubbling and turbulent fluidization [76][77][78][79] and (iv) the gas-liquid and gas-liquid-solid systems [40,[80][81]…”