“…Therefore, prima facie, the malformation recorded in the study is likely to result from exposure of embryonic stages of fish to riverine pollutant/s (Reash & Berra, 1989; Sfakianakis et al., 2015). The Patalganga River, from which the malformed specimen was collected, has been declared as one of the 38 most polluted rivers in the country by Government pollution monitoring authority (Maharashtra Pollution Control Board: MPCB, 2009), as it receives large volumes of industrial effluent from the textile, pharmaceutical, pigment, dye, agrochemical and alkyl amine industries and poorly treated sewage from Khopoli City (Darade & Bandela, 2017; Yadav et al., 2015). In present scenario, the exact contaminant responsible for the malformation observed cannot be determined and thus the malformation observed may be due to the negative effect of either single or multiple water contaminants acting synergistically.…”