A study for development of emission factors for trace gases and carbonaceous particulate species from in situ burning of wheat straw in agricultural fields in india

Sahai, Shivraj; Sharma, C.; Singh, Darshan; Dixit, Chandra Kumar; Singh, Nahar; Sharma, Parbodh Chander; Singh, Khushboo; Bhatt, Sandeep N.; Ghude, Sachin D.; Gupta, Vandana; Gupta, Raj Kumar; Tiwari, Mahavir Prasad; Garg, S. C.; Mitra, Abhijit; Gupta, Prabhat K.

doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2007.07.054

Cited by 105 publications

(61 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…The CO 2 EFs reported in our study were similar to those found in Zhang et al (2008) for rice straw. However, CO 2 results were lower than the EFs reported in Ortiz de Zárate et al (2000), Zhang et al (2000) and Andreae and Merlet (2001) from diverse agricultural residues, and Sahai et al (2007) for wheat straw.…”

Section: Gaseous and Particulate Emissions Factorscontrasting

confidence: 46%

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Gaseous and particulate emission profiles during controlled rice straw burning

Sanchís

Ferrer

Calvet

et al. 2014

Atmospheric Environment

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Gaseous and particulate emission profiles during controlled rice straw burningSanchis, E 1 ., Ferrer, M 1 ., Calvet, S 1 ., Coscollà, C 2 ., Yusà, V 2 ., Cambra-López, M 1 . AbstractBurning of rice straw can emit considerable amounts of atmospheric pollutants. We evaluated the effect of rice straw moisture content (5%, 10% and 20%) on the emission of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) and on the organic and inorganic constituents of released particulate matter (PM): dioxins, heavy metals, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Four burning tests were conducted per moisture treatment using the open chamber method. Gaseous emission profiles of carbon monoxide (CO), sulfur dioxide (SO 2 ), nitrogen monoxide (NO), and nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ) were also measured. Additionally, combustion characteristics, including burning stages, durations, combustion efficiency, temperature, and relative humidity, were recorded. Burning tests showed flaming and smoldering stages were significantly longer in 20% moisture treatment (P<0.05) compared with the rest. The amount of burned straw and ashes decreased with increasing straw moisture content (P<0.001). Carbon dioxide was the main product obtained during combustion with emission values ranging from 692 g CO 2 kg dry straw -1 (10% moisture content) to 835 g CO 2 kg dry straw -1 (20% moisture content). Emission factors for PM were the highest in 20% moisture treatment (P<0.005). Fine PM (PM2.5) accounted to more than 60% of total PM mass. Emission factors for dioxins increased with straw moisture content, being the highest in 20% moisture treatment, although showing a wide variability among burning tests (P>0.05). Emissions factors for heavy metals were low and similar among moisture treatments (P>0.05). Emission factors for individual PAHs were generally higher in 20% moisture treatment. Average SO 2 and NO emissions decreased with moisture content. In contrast, CO emissions increased with moisture content.Overall, emission factors of atmospheric pollutants measured in our study were higher in the 20% moisture content. This difference could be attributed to the incomplete combustion at higher levels *Manuscript Click here to download Manuscript: Quema_sin tablas ni figuras_cor.docx Click here to view linked References 2 of rice straw moisture content. According to our results, rice straw burning should be done after straw drying and under minimal moisture conditions to lower pollutant emission levels.

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Section: Gaseous and Particulate Emissions Factorscontrasting

confidence: 46%

“…Equation 2 was used to characterize the completeness of the oxidation of released carbon during the combustion of biomass fuels (Sahai et al, 2007).…”

Section: Emission Calculation and Data Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Gaseous and particulate emission profiles during controlled rice straw burning

Sanchís

Ferrer

Calvet

et al. 2014

Atmospheric Environment

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“…High moisture content was shown to enhance the emissions of gases that originated from incomplete combustion, typically CO (Hayashi et al 2014). Although many studies have been conducted to obtain emissions factors from crop residue burning (e.g., US EPA 1995; Andreae and Merlet 2001;Hays et al 2005;Sahai et al 2007;Zhang et al 2008;Oanh et al 2011), few of these studies considered the effects of residue moistness on emissions factors; therefore, current emissions inventories do not explicitly incorporate the effects of residue moistness on gas and particle emissions. Even in the Mekong Delta, where huge amounts of rice straw are produced annually, few straw burning experiments have been conducted to quantify GHG emissions from indigenous straw burning (burning straw scattered on soils or piled up as stacks) and from conventional straw management.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Greenhouse gas emissions from rice straw burning and straw-mushroom cultivation in a triple rice cropping system in the Mekong Delta

Arai

Hosen

Hong

et al. 2015

Soil Science and Plant Nutrition

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The Mekong Delta produces 21 Mt of rough rice (Oryza sativa L.) and an estimated 24 Mt of straw (dry weight) annually. Approximately one fourth of the straw is burned on the field, which is a common practice in intensive rice cultivation systems in this region because there is limited time to prepare the field for the next crop. The spread of intensive rice production in the Delta may increase the total biomass of burning crop residues, significantly impacting greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in Vietnam. In this study, GHG emissions from the major uses of straw (burning and mushroom beds) were monitored in a triple rice cropping system located in the central Mekong Delta. Between September 2011 and November 2012, both wind tunnel and closed chamber methods were used to measure the emissions of major GHGs from straw-burning and straw-mushroom cultivation systems, respectively. The global warming potential (GWP) was then determined. Methane (CH 4 ) and non-methane volatile organic carbon emissions (NMVOC) increased with lower modified combustion efficiency [MCE: emissions ratio of Carbon composing carbon dioxide (CO 2 -C) and carbon monooxide (CO-C) (CO 2 -C/(CO-C + CO 2 -C))]. Furthermore, higher moisture straw stacks generated lower nitrous oxide (N 2 O) emissions. Small straw stacks (5 or 10 kg dry straw) with higher moisture content emitted more carbon monoxide (CO), CH 4 and NMVOC. These results suggest that factors that increase the straw moisture content, such as rainfall, can cause smoldering combustion in small straw stacks or when straw is scattered on the ground, thereby inhibiting N 2 O emissions but enhancing CO, CH 4 and NMVOC. The measured N 2 O emissions contributed negligible amounts to the GWP compared with measured CO and CH 4 , which are relatively intense GHG emissions; this was likely a result of the slow and inefficient burning that was observed from the smaller straw stacks with higher moisture content. In this study, rice straw burning threatened to generate more GHGs than straw-mushroom (Volvariella volvacea (Bul. ex Fr.) Singer) cultivation under the studied agroecosystems.

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“…Similar was the case with estimation of NH 3 from LMM, leaving us to adopt EFs available for Asian region (Yamiji et al, 2004). No data were available for crop residue burning in Delhi which was scaled from the ratio given by Sahai et al (2007) for the Indian crop production and residue burnt. Also, area of rice cultivation and water management practice with rice cultivated area was unavailable for Delhi that was scaled down according to practices applied nationally for rice cultivation.…”

Section: Limitations and Further Scope Of The Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Due to unavailability of rice cultivation area with water management practices, total rice cultivated area (Table S2) was scaled with the ratio of national rice cultivation whereas water management practices were adopted as given by Parashar et al (2003). Since the total burnt crop residue (wheat and paddy) data for Delhi was not available, this was scaled with the ratio of wheat production and its residual burning (27%) given by Sahai et al (2007), as presented in Table S3. …”

Section: Increasing Industrial and Vehicle Population Over The Past Dmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gaseous emissions from agricultural activities and wetlands in national capital territory of Delhi

Gurjar

Nagpure

Kumar

2015

Ecological Engineering

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A study for development of emission factors for trace gases and carbonaceous particulate species from in situ burning of wheat straw in agricultural fields in india

Cited by 105 publications

References 28 publications

Gaseous and particulate emission profiles during controlled rice straw burning

Gaseous and particulate emission profiles during controlled rice straw burning

Greenhouse gas emissions from rice straw burning and straw-mushroom cultivation in a triple rice cropping system in the Mekong Delta

Gaseous emissions from agricultural activities and wetlands in national capital territory of Delhi

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