“…A novel descriptive method to analyze the process damping ζ P of ( 7) could be based on the sensitivity to time-delay of reference tracking transfer function F* com (s) [24][25][26][27][28]. The denominator D F (s) of this transfer function has further terms in addition to G mot (s), with the closed-loop poles characterized as in (30): If some mechanical parts are changed (e.g., higher CC size = J load , bigger motor = J mot , lifetime of the shaft = K el , C el ), they lead to different {k p ,k i } until the worst case is reached: a (ω 2 , ζ 2 ) close to (ω 1 , ζ 1 ).…”