A Study of 3,5‐Dinitro‐1‐(2,4,6‐trinitrophenyl)‐1H‐pyrazol‐4‐amine (PicADNP) as a New High Energy Density Booster Explosive

Abstract

Two improved, fast, feasible, scalable, and economic synthetic protocols for the laboratory scale manufacturing of 3,5-dinitro-1-(2,4,6-trinitrophenyl)-1H-pyrazol-4-amine (PicADNP) are described. The previous set of analytical data from an earlier publication could be verified and complemented by additional measurements. The material was fully characterized by multinuclear NMR, spectroscopic methods, elemental analysis, DSC and DTA, as well as X-ray diffraction. The crystal structure was elucidated and Hirshfeld surface analysis, as well as 2D fingerprint plot analysis for the assessment of sensitivities towards external stimuli was applied. The sensitivity towards shock, friction and electrostatic discharge was also determined exper-imentally. The performance of the title compound was calculated by applying the EXPLO5 computer code and the theoretical results were compared with the results of SSRT and booster testing experiments. The title compound combines good energetic properties with improved safety characteristics and could find its way into application as a new booster explosive to replace the state-of-the-art material PETN. The optimizations of the synthetic protocol comprise a greener solvent system, shorter reaction times, higher yields for the pure material and a nontoxic byproduct to make the manufacturing process more attractive and better suitable for a subsequent scale up to the technical and industrial scale.

Manipulating sensitivities of planar oxadiazole‐based high performing energetic materials

“…In 2020, our group reported that the replacement of one nitro group in FOX-7 (1,1-diamino-2,2-dinitroethylene) by a nitrogenrich heterocyclic ring resulted in an enforced planar structure with enhanced thermostability (Figure 1C) [9]. The incorporation of explosophoric groups into simple five-membered azoles or fused heterocycles has been shown to give rise to better properties including density, enthalpy of formation, and detonation power while concomitantly reducing thermal stability and increasing sensitivity [11][12][13][14][15][16]. In addition, the high carbon content, the high cost of large-scale syntheses, and overall poor yields very often limit practical applicability.…”