A Study of a PID Controller Used in a Micro-Electrical Discharge Machining System to Prepare TiO2 Nanocolloids

Abstract

This study developed a micro-electrical discharge machining (micro-EDM) system for producing TiO2 nanocolloids. When a proportional–integral–derivative controller designed using the Ziegler–Nichols method was adopted to control the interelectrode gap, TiO2 nanocolloids were obtained from spark discharges generated between two titanium wires immersed in deionized water. For a pulse on time–off time of 40–40 μs and a colloid production time of 100 min, TiO2 nanocolloids were produced that had an absorbance of 1.511 at a wavelength of 245 nm and a ζ potential of −47.2 mV. They had an average particle diameter of 137.2 nm, and 64.2% of particles were smaller than 91.28 nm. The minimum particles were spherical. The characteristics of colloids confirmed that the micro-EDM system can produce TiO2 nanocolloids with excellent suspension stability. The colloid production method proposed in this study has the advantages of low equipment cost and no dust diffusion in the process environment. These advantages can improve the competitiveness of the electric spark discharge method for high-quality TiO2 nanoparticle production. The colloids produced in this study did not contain elements other than titanium and oxygen, and they may prevent secondary environmental pollution.

A Study of Fabricating Nano-W Colloid by Discharge Energy Enhancement of the micro-EDM System

“…Therefore, the IEG is modified by controlling the motor speed. The main function of the CICU, which consists of a personal computer, VisSim software, and an RT-DAC4/PCI card [28,29], is to process the input/output signals of the servo circuit. The main screen of the CICU is presented in Figure 4.…”

Extended PKM Fixturing System for Micro-Positioning and Vibration Rejection in Machining Application

“…The proposed method uses a bumpless switching controller and a fine-tuning procedure to estimate the parameter uncertainty and enable the external disturbance containment in an extended broad-band frequency range. The platform and the actuator controllers are designed based on a gain scheduling PID (proportional integral derivative), in standard ISA form, to guarantee the stability [37][38][39][40][41]. The accuracy is proved through a set of The additional contribution of this paper is to progress the design developed in [7] by implementing a dynamic regulator to allow disturbance rejection capabilities and to contain the flexure-based coupling effects in thin-plate precise machining.…”

Parameter control and property analysis in the preparation of platinum iodide nanocolloids through the electrical spark discharge method

“…By contrast, the Electrical Spark Discharge Method (ESDM) is a green alternative for the preparation of platinum nanoparticles. 17 Its efficiency and cleanliness renders ESDM suitable for the preparation of platinum iodide nanocolloids. ESDM facilitates spark discharge through the energy generated in a strong electric eld when two electrodes are approximately 30 mm apart.…”