A study of anemia in human immunodeficiency virus patients: Estimating the prevalence, analyzing the causative effect of nutritional deficiencies, and correlating the degree of severity with CD4 cell counts

Panwar, Ajay; Sharma, S.C.; Kumar, Sanjeev; Sharma, Arti

doi:10.4103/0975-2870.182499

Cited by 10 publications

(11 citation statements)

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“…Patients with low CD4 count are known to be at risk of multiple opportunistic infections which are known to cause anaemia and such patients are also likely to have high HIV viral load which could lead to viral infiltration of the bone marrow subsequently causing anaemia (Hermela M. et al 2017). As in a similar study, the severity of anaemia increased with decrease in CD4 Count (Panwar A. et al 2016). Urban residence was a predictor of anaemia in our study.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

“…et al 2015, Omoregie R. et al 2009. However it was lower than findings obtained by Panwar et al in an Indian study with 86.4% prevalence rate of anaemia among HIV positive subjects (Panwar A. et al 2016). The differences in the prevalence between our study and others may be attributable to different socio-demographic characteristics of participants.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 67%

“…There was no statistical significant difference between HAART experienced and HAART naïve study subjects with anaemia. This finding was replicated in a similar study (Panwar A. et al 2016).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 67%

“…As compared to our study, other studies had more males, farmers, participants with no formal education and lower percentage of rural dwellers (Median M. et al 2012, Grace R.P. et al 2015, Alem M. et al 2013, Panwar A. et al 2016. The majority of patients with anaemia had a moderate type (58.3%), closely followed by the mild grade (37.7%), while a few had severe grade of anaemia (4%).…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 48%

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The prevalence and risk factors associated with anaemia among HIV patients attending clinic at the University of Calabar Teaching Hospital, Calabar, Nigeria

Bisong¹,

Okpa²,

Ogbonna³

et al. 2017

Glo Jnl Pure Appl Sci

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Introduction: Anaemia is one of the haematological complications of HIV, and most of the studies in Nigeria and outside Nigeria have shown prevalence above 50%. Also, anaemia in HIV patients has been shown to be associated with morbidity and mortality. Our study therefore aimed to determine the prevalence and the likely risk factors associated with the development of anaemia among HIV patients attending the special treatment clinic in the University of Calabar Teaching Hospital, Calabar, Nigeria.Methods: This was a cross -sectional study conducted over a period of 6 months from June to November, 2010. A total of 321 patients were recruited but only 300 met the inclusion criteria, and their haemoglobin levels were measured with the use of Drabkin Cyanide method. Data obtained was analyzed with SPSS version 20 with statistical significance at p < 0.05.Results: There were more females than males in the study (70.0% vs 30.0%). Majority of the participants were in the 30 -39 years age category (35.0%), closely followed by those in the 40 -49 years age category (21.0%). The overall prevalence of anaemia was 76%. Female sex, living in an Urban Area and low CD4 cell count are risk factors that were associated with anaemia among HIV patients. However, in a multivariate logistic regression analysis, female sex was the only predictor of anaemia . Conclusion:Anaemia is a common complication seen among HIV patients in view of the prevalence rate of 76% observed in our study. The risk factors associated with anemia were female sex, living in urban area and low CD4 cell count.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 67%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 67%

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 48%

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The prevalence and risk factors associated with anaemia among HIV patients attending clinic at the University of Calabar Teaching Hospital, Calabar, Nigeria

Bisong¹,

Okpa²,

Ogbonna³

et al. 2017

Glo Jnl Pure Appl Sci

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“…There is anaemia despite being on treatment, with the features of increased cell volume, mean cell haemoglobin and size variability. The finding of macrocytic anaemia in HIV infection is mainly seen among those on HAART, thus reflecting some degree of HAART-associated interference in the normal production of red cells [13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20]. It would therefore be expected that longer years of therapy may impact more on this derangement.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of Anaemia after Initiation of Antiretroviral Therapy among HIV-infected Patients Attending University of Calabar Teaching Hospital Calabar, Nigeria

Okafor

Akwiwu

Akpotuzor

2019

IJTDH

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Aims: To investigating some demographic variables and red cell parameters of infected persons already accessing antiretroviral therapy with a view to identifying sub- groups with higher proportions of anaemia. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: University of Calabar Teaching Hospital Calabar Nigeria, between August 2017 and July 2018. Methodology: Subjects comprised 60 male and female HIV-infected adults attending University of Calabar Teaching Hospital Calabar, and equal number of age and sex-matched control subjects who were HIV sero-negative as at the time of this study. The infected persons were being treated with either Tenofovir+Lamivudine+Efavirenz (TLE) or Lamivudine+Zidovudine+Nevirapine (LZN). A pre-tested structured questionnaire was administered by two trained interviewers which captured the bio-data, sociodemographic variables and therapy-related information. Venous blood was collected aseptically by standard phlebotomy into appropriate sample containers for CD4 and red cell counts by automation. Results: The proportion of anaemia occurring between TLE and LZN users was observed to be in the ratio of 2:3. The RBC count, haematocrit and haemoglobin concentration were significantly lower (p=.000), while MCV, MCH and RDW were significantly higher (p=.000) in subjects infected with HIV compared to the control subjects, Duration of treatment beyond 6 years significantly raised both MCV (p=.007) and MCH (p=.006) compared to the first 3 years of treatment commencement, while the MCV, MCH and RDW-SD were significantly higher (p=.003, .014 and .018 respectively) among LZN users compared to those on TLE. Conclusion: Human immunodeficiency virus infection triggers pathologic mechanisms that culminate into anaemia. While the use of antiretroviral therapy appears to gradually resolve this derangement, the adverse effects of some of the antiretroviral agents contribute to the persistence of anaemia particularly with increasing years of treatment.

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Burden of Anemia among Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Positive Adults on Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy at Hawassa University Compressive Specialized Hospital, Hawassa, Ethiopia

Tesfaye,

Hirigo,

Jember

et al. 2023

Anemia

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Background. Anemia is the most common hematologic abnormality associated with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients and affects 60% to 80% of patients in late-stage disease. It has a considerable impact on the progression of HIV to advanced stages. This study aimed at assessing the burden of anemia in adult HIV-infected patients who are on highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) and have follow-up at Hawassa University Comprehensive Specialized Hospital (HUCSH) Antiretroviral therapy (ART) clinic. Methods. A hospital-based retrospective study was conducted among HIV-positive adults on HAART at Hawassa University Compressive Specialized Hospital. The systematic sampling method was used to choose a total of 244 study participants. Data on demographic characteristics, related factors of anemia, latest hemoglobin, CD4, and ART regimens were collected using a structured data abstraction format. The data were cleaned and analyzed using SPSS version 21.0 after being manually checked for completeness. Multivariable logistic regression was carried out to detect elements associated with anemia. A P value of <0.05 was used as a cutoff point to announce statistical significance. Results. The records of 244 patients were examined in total. Anemia was present in 29.9% (95% CI 23.8–35.2) among adult HIV patients. Female sex (AOR: 2.576, 95% (CI: 1.295–5.127)), having tuberculosis (TB) (AOR: 4.873, 95% (CI: 1.534–15.484)), taking a zidovudine (ZDV)-containing ART regimen (AOR: 5.216, 95% (CI: 1.239–21.962)), having clinical WHO stage IV and III diseases (AOR: 3.077, 95% CI (1.244–7.612)), having body mass index (BMI) <18.5 kg/m2 (AOR: 2.391, 95% (CI: 1.138–5.023)), and taking cotrimoxazole prophylaxis (AOR: 3.860 95% (CI: 1.097–13.576)) were substantially linked to the development of anemia among adult HIV patients. Conclusion and Recommendation. This study showed that anemia is still a problem among HIV patients on HAART. The burden of anemia was found to be high among patients with advanced WHO clinical stages, having a BMI less than 18.5 kg/m2, TB/HIV coinfection, being on AZT-based ART regimens, and taking cotrimoxazole preventive therapy (CPT). Consequently, it is suggested that early preventative interventions, such as serial hemoglobin follow-up, iron supplementation, and education about dietary consumption, be undertaken targeting the aforementioned groups. In addition, the preferred first-line ART regimen as per the latest national and WHO guidelines is recommended, especially for the above groups.

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A study of anemia in human immunodeficiency virus patients: Estimating the prevalence, analyzing the causative effect of nutritional deficiencies, and correlating the degree of severity with CD4 cell counts

Cited by 10 publications

References 0 publications

The prevalence and risk factors associated with anaemia among HIV patients attending clinic at the University of Calabar Teaching Hospital, Calabar, Nigeria

The prevalence and risk factors associated with anaemia among HIV patients attending clinic at the University of Calabar Teaching Hospital, Calabar, Nigeria

Prevalence of Anaemia after Initiation of Antiretroviral Therapy among HIV-infected Patients Attending University of Calabar Teaching Hospital Calabar, Nigeria

Burden of Anemia among Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Positive Adults on Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy at Hawassa University Compressive Specialized Hospital, Hawassa, Ethiopia

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