A study of ascorbic acid in human saliva

E, Mäkilä; Kirveskari, Pentti

doi:10.1016/0003-9969(69)90201-5

Cited by 42 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…The detection of NO by dithiocarbamate derivatives has been reported [17][18][19]. The signal intensity increased nearly linearly as a function of incubation time for 1 h. The increase in the ESR signal intensity was not affected by redox components contained in saliva such as 0.1 mM ascorbate [20], glutathione [21] and uric acid [21] (trace C). No effects of 1 mM thiocyanate [1] were observed for the increase in ESR signal intensity, either (trace D).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…If NO 2 is reduced to nitrite by salivary redox components, formation of N 2 O 3 , which may participate in the transformation of DAF-2 to DAF-2T [9], can be inhibited because N 2 O 3 is formed from NO and NO 2 [6,9,28]. The redox components used in this study are present in human saliva in the following concentrations: ascorbate, , 20 mM; glutathione, 1-5 mM; uric acid, 80 -280 mM; SCN 2 , 0.3 -2 mM [1,11,20,21]. According to the concentrations of these reagents required for 50% inhibition of DAF-2T formation, the concentrations of uric acid and thiocyanate in saliva are high enough to effectively scavenge reactive nitrogen species.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Production of nitric oxide-derived reactive nitrogen species in human oral cavity and their scavenging by salivary redox components

Takahama

Hirota

Oniki

2005

Free Radical Research

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Nitrite is reduced to nitric oxide (NO) in the oral cavity. The NO generated can react with molecular oxygen producing reactive nitrogen species. In this study, reduction of nitrite to NO was observed in bacterial fractions of saliva and whole saliva. Formation of reactive nitrogen species from NO was detected by measuring the transformation of 4,5-diaminofluorescein (DAF-2) to triazolfluorescein (DAF-2T). The transformation was fast in bacterial fractions but slow in whole saliva. Salivary components such as ascorbate, glutathione, uric acid and thiocyanate inhibited the transformation of DAF-2 to DAF-2T in bacterial fractions without affecting nitrite-dependent NO production. The inhibition was deduced to be due to scavenging of reactive nitrogen species, which were formed from NO, by the above reagents. The transformation of DAF-2 to DAF-2T was faster in bacterial fractions and whole saliva which were prepared 1-4 h after tooth brushing than those prepared immediately after toothbrushing. Increase in the rate as a function of time after toothbrushing seemed to be due to the increase in population of bacteria which could reduce nitrite to NO. The results obtained in this study suggest that reactive nitrogen species derived from NO are continuously formed in the oral cavity and that the reactive nitrogen species are effectively scavenged by salivary redox components in saliva but the scavenging is not complete.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 87%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Production of nitric oxide-derived reactive nitrogen species in human oral cavity and their scavenging by salivary redox components

Takahama

Hirota

Oniki

2005

Free Radical Research

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“…That the oxalic acid is formed from ascorbate would appear unlikely, since the ascorbate level in saliva is very low or not measurable at all (13). At any rate, there is no correlation with the plasma-ascorbate level (13)(14)(15)(16). Since there is a correlation between the plasma ascorbate level and leukocyte-ascorbate, the oxalic acid in saliva could be a product of leukocyte metabolism.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oxalic Acid in Saliva, Teeth and Tooth Tartar

Wahl¹,

Kallee²

1994

CCLM

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Summary:Oxalic acid was determined in human saliva, teeth, tartar, and in animal teeth. Saliva from dentally healthy male subjects contained 0.10 ± 0.09 mmol/1 (n = 41) and those of dentally healthy female subjects 0.18 ± 0.17 mmol/1 (n = 40). Oxalic acid in tartar from 16 patients was 3.3 ± 1.2 mmol/kg tartar. In human teeth, oxalic acid was 1.0 ± 0.3 mmol/kg in milk teeth (n = 12) and 0.9 ± 0.6 mmol/kg in permanent teeth (n = 60). Human teeth were sorted into age groups and into molars, incisors and premolars. In animal teeth, oxalic acid content varied widely. The formed calcium oxalate is proposed to be a 'physiologicaP protective mechanism for teeth.

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“…c reducible components may also contribute to the failure of the observation. It is possible that these components are ascorbic acid (Mäkilä & Kirveskari, 1969) and glutathione (Zappacosta et al, 1999).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quercetin and the Glucosides Inhibit Nitration of a Salivary Component 4-Hydroxyphenylacetic Acid Catalyzed by Salivary Polymorphonuclear Leukocytes

Hirota

Takahama

2003

FSTR

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Mixed whole human saliva contains 4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid (HPA), nitrite and polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Salivary leukocytes nitrated HPA to 4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenylacetic acid in the presence of nitrite, and phorbol myristate acetate stimulated the nitration. Quercetin and the glucosides, which are found in the oral cavity after ingestion of quercetin-rich foods, inhibited the leukocyte-dependent nitration. The inhibition by quercetin and the glucosides was in part due to the flavonol-dependent scavenging of nitrogen dioxide which was formed by myeloperoxidasedependent oxidation of nitrite. Salivary components, SCN ؊ and uric acid, also inhibited the nitration. The above results suggest that quercetin can cooperate with SCN ؊ and uric acid to prevent nitration in the oral cavity.

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A study of ascorbic acid in human saliva

Cited by 42 publications

References 9 publications

Production of nitric oxide-derived reactive nitrogen species in human oral cavity and their scavenging by salivary redox components

Production of nitric oxide-derived reactive nitrogen species in human oral cavity and their scavenging by salivary redox components

Oxalic Acid in Saliva, Teeth and Tooth Tartar

Quercetin and the Glucosides Inhibit Nitration of a Salivary Component 4-Hydroxyphenylacetic Acid Catalyzed by Salivary Polymorphonuclear Leukocytes

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