A study of assimilation and translocation in Cuscuta hyalina Heyne ex Roth., Orobanche ramosa L. and Striga hermonthica Benth.

Ismail, Amani

doi:10.1111/j.1365-3180.1976.tb00385.x

Cited by 14 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Other direct effects of Striga and Orobanche may include the differential absorption of minerals including P, K, S, and Fe (101). Striga hermonthica and O. ramosa can absorb minerals directly into the nonhaustorial portion of their roots (69). Rhinanthus (Scrophulariaceae), a hemiparasite, has been shown to be the most mineral efficient of a group of pasture plants (171).…”

Section: Some Host-parasite Interactionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Biology of Striga, Orobanche, and other Root-Parasitic Weeds

Musselman¹

1980

Annu. Rev. Phytopathol.

265

146

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Section: Some Host-parasite Interactionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Biology of Striga, Orobanche, and other Root-Parasitic Weeds

Musselman¹

1980

Annu. Rev. Phytopathol.

265

146

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“…Although all the Cuscuta species still contain chlorophyll a and b while exploiting their host plants (Macleod, 1963;Ismail and Obeid, 1976), the rate of photosynthesis is decreased (Pattee et al, 1965). The excised stem tips of C. campestris, grown in vitro, produce a considerable amount of chlorophyll.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphology and anatomy of mature embryos and seedlings in parasitic angiospermCuscuta japonica

2000

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Morphological and anatomical features of mature embryos and seedlings were observed at different growth stages in the parasitic angiosperm Cuscutajaponica Choisy. The spirally coiled embryos from scarified seeds had no cotyledons but possessed blunt radicles. Seeds germinated at 30~ in the dark. Although most embryo cells incubated for 16 h did not have starch grains, the shoot cells of three-day-old seedlings possessed numerous starch grains. After these seedlings were transferred to a lightened growth chamber, all the shoot apical regions of seedlings grown for 6, 8, and 10 days became greenish and hooked. Most of the shoot cells, including the green apical parts, contained abundant starch grains. The hooks opened only when one seedling made contact with another seedling, This suggested that the green and hooked shoot apical regions played an important role in searching for and twining about their host plants. In some two-day-old seedlings, the massive roots were circular or semi-circular. This enabled the shoot axes to stand erect on some substratum. It would assist the shoots in making contact with the host plant. In eight-day-old seedlings, the green apical regions also were hooked and the roots were considerably degraded.Keywords: Anatomy, Cuscuta japonica, Embryo, Morphology, Parasitic angiosperm, SeedlingThe seedlings of Cuscuta have chlorophyll that enables photosynthesize (Zimmermann, 1962;Pattee et al., 1965). Although all the Cuscuta species still contain chlorophyll a and b while exploiting their host plants (Macleod, 1963;Ismail and Obeid, 1976), the rate of photosynthesis is decreased (Pattee et al., 1965). The excised stem tips of C. campestris, grown in vitro, produce a considerable amount of chlorophyll. This probably plays an important role in maintaining the growth of the culture (Loo, 1946). Fujita (1964) has characterized the mature embryo of C. japonica as a spirally coiled, yellow cylindrical structure, with a tapering apex, no cotyledon, and having a blunt radicle without a root cap. Truscott (1966) has suggested that in embryo culture of C.gronovii, the loss of both cotyledons and roots was a single embryonic event in the evolution of Cuscuta from its autotrophic ancestors. The morphology and anatomy of early seedlings in C. pedicellata has been studied by Lyshede (1985), who has also observed the fine structures of the tuberous radicular end (Lyshede, 1986) and the one-week-old seedlings in the same species (Lyshede, 1989). However, the function of organs during their autotrophic growth *Corresponding author; fax +82-62-230-7363 e-mail leekb@mail.chosun.ac.kr period is not yet clearly understood. The present study attempts to describe some morphological and anatomical features of C. japonica embryos and seedlings at various developmental stages, and to evaluate these features in view of their parasitic roles. MATERIALS AND METHODS Seed GerminationWe scarified mature, dormant seeds of C. japonicaChoisy with concentrated sulfuric acid for 25, 35, or 45 min, then rinsed them in tap water a...

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“…After emergence, Striga spp. become semiparasitic, being able to photosynthesize and secure at least a proportion of their nutrient and water requirements directly from the soil (Ismael and Obeid, 1976). Striga spp.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Incidence and Severity of Striga spp. in the Coastal Savanna Zone of Ghana

Aflakpui¹,

Bolfrey-Arku²,

Anchirinah³

et al. 2008

Outlook Agric

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A survey was conducted in the coastal savanna zone of Ghana to determine the incidence and severity of Striga. The aim was to use the results to sensitize stakeholders in agricultural research and development to the current status of the problem so as to help them address it. Of the respondents to the survey, 67.1% had seen Striga before, whilst 32.9% had not. Of the farmers who had seen Striga before, 2.5% indicated that they had known or seen Striga as far back as 1966. However, between 1970 and 1989, 21% of the farmers had seen Striga, whilst between 1989 and the time of the survey in 2001, 40.7% had seen Striga, indicating that its incidence had increased with time. Maize is the single most important crop attacked by Striga in the area: 65.8% of the respondents recognized it in maize, with 5.3% each for cowpeas and millet. Infestation in crops such as sorghum, bambarra groundnut, soybean and rice were indicated by about 3% of the respondents for each crop. Twelve respondents, representing 14.8% of the sample, said they knew of crop varieties that were not attacked by Striga. Of these 12, one (8.3%) mentioned sugar cane, one pepper and one cowpea; four (33.3%) said cassava; two (16.6%) mentioned okra, and the same percentage mentioned aubergines. About 18.5% of the respondents said they had seen Striga attack other weeds as well as crops. Of these, 66.7% specified grass, 20% speargrass, and Andropogon, Cyperus and Sporobulus each received 6.7% of mentions. Of those farmers who had Striga in their fields, 82.4% adopted one of two forms of control. Of the farmers who controlled Striga, 53% did it through mechanical weeding and 47% through hand pulling.

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A study of assimilation and translocation in Cuscuta hyalina Heyne ex Roth., Orobanche ramosa L. and Striga hermonthica Benth.

Cited by 14 publications

References 19 publications

The Biology of Striga, Orobanche, and other Root-Parasitic Weeds

The Biology of Striga, Orobanche, and other Root-Parasitic Weeds

Morphology and anatomy of mature embryos and seedlings in parasitic angiospermCuscuta japonica

Incidence and Severity of Striga spp. in the Coastal Savanna Zone of Ghana

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