A Study of Basic Costs for Tracking Total Cost of Ownership of Information and Communication Technology in an Academic Institution: The Case of the Institute of Accountancy Arusha

Abstract

This paper discusses the total cost of ownership (TCO) of an Information and Communication Technology (ICT) infrastructure in an academic Institution. The aim of this study is to encourage use of TCO analysis. ICT TCO shows all onetime costs and recurring costs and its analysis lead to later lower costs in maintenance and support. Interviews and documentary sources were used to collect data. Most indirect costs were impossible to determine. ICT TCO can be lowered by training users to properly use ICT facilities and implement management best practices in the deployment, in the day-today Computer operations and in the retirement processes.

Treatment of Infectious Waste through the Application Rotary Kiln Incinerators and Ozone Technology

“…The cost should be calculated by all organizations, as it is a useful metric for assessing the overall cost of technology and investment. To properly assess the cost, the energy consumption in all systems and for all functions must be taken into consideration along with the cost of the system downtime as shown in Table 1 [28]. A performance measure of rotary kilns with three burners but without the use of O 3 showed it is capable of combusting 100 kg/h of infectious waste and maintaining a constant temperature of 700-1000 • C in the first chamber of the incinerator and >850-1200 • C in the second and third chambers [3].…”