A study of cardiorespiratory related mortality as a result of exposure to black carbon

Farzad, Kiarash; Khorsandi, Babak; Khorsandi, Maziar; Bouamra, Omar; Maknoon, Reza

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138422

Cited by 35 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…The only exception is Istanbul which incurs increased health costs due to rising pollution from transport and energy production under BAU and to a lesser extent PC2050. The results mirror other studies which are beginning to recognise the costs and implications of air pollution [20,22,75]. For instance, the costs in 2009 of damage caused by emissions just from industries of the European Pollutant Release and Transfer Register (E-PRTR) were estimated at EUR 102-169 billion.…”

Section: Socio-economic Analysissupporting

confidence: 79%

“…There are an increasing number of studies that recognise the effects of air pollution on health and the resultant costs (from hospital admissions, deaths, illness and medical needs) [19][20][21][22]. Nonetheless, the literature on costs and benefits of comprehensive sustainable actions is still developing and is performed at a macro level with few studies examining scenarios for individual cities [23,24].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Implications of Low Carbon City Sustainability Strategies for 2050

2020

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Cities and urban areas are critical nodes of societal resource flows, responsible for both global and local sustainability implications. They are complex systems and understanding the implications of potential actions by cities is critical for progress towards sustainability. In this paper the future implications of sustainability strategies are assessed for 10 European cities by comparing two scenarios for 2050: a business-as-usual (BAU) and a post-carbon/sustainability scenario (PC2050) (generated by city stakeholders). The effects of the scenarios are assessed using a mixed methodology: a semi-quantitative sustainability indicator analysis, energy and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions (both production-based and consumption-based accounting (PBA and CBA)), land-use spatial modelling, and cost–benefit analysis. The paper highlights the clear benefits of PC2050 with improved sustainability indicator results, reduced land sprawl (which averages 16% in BAU) and positive cost–benefit results. Nonetheless, inequality and segregation are a common concern. In addition, whilst PBA indicates a significant decrease (average decrease from 4.7 to 1.3 tCO2eq per capita) CBA demonstrates rising overall emissions from an average of 11 to 14.8 tCO2eq per capita. This is linked to rising affluence and consumption trends despite local improvements in GHG emissions, which highlights a need for cities to address consumption-based emissions.

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Section: Socio-economic Analysissupporting

confidence: 79%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Implications of Low Carbon City Sustainability Strategies for 2050

2020

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“…The different rates of infection and mortality due to COVID-19 in various regions of the world may be attributed to air quality and meteorological conditions (temperature and relative humidity) as well as demographic characteristics (e.g., age, gender, race, ethnicity, and income). Air pollution has numerous adverse impacts on human health and can lead to premature mortality (Ahmadi et al, 2020 ; Bell et al, 2004 ; Farzad et al, 2020 , 2021 ; Hoek et al, 2013 ; Janssen et al, 2012 ; Krewski et al, 2009 ; Mirzaei et al, 2021 ). The potential association between different pollutants (specifically PM 2.5 ) and COVID-19 mortality has been recently examined mainly in China, Italy, and the USA (Bashir et al, 2020 ; Coker et al, 2020 ; Contini & Costabile, 2020 ; Copat et al, 2020 ; Deek, 2020 ; Domingo & Rovira, 2020 ; Fattorini & Regoli, 2020 ; Frontera et al, 2020 ; Hendryx & Luo, 2020 ; Jiang & Xu, 2020 ; Stieb et al, 2020 ; Wu et al, 2020 ; Yao et al, 2020a , b ; Zoran 2020a , b ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between short-term exposure to air pollution and COVID-19 hospital admission/mortality during warm seasons

Khorsandi

Farzad

Tahriri

et al. 2021

Environ Monit Assess

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COVID-19 is a new viral infection that is usually accompanied by respiratory complications. Air pollution has been linked to cardiorespiratory-related diseases and even premature mortality. The short-term exposure to air pollution may aggravate pulmonary symptoms in COVID-19 patients. The relationship between the short-term exposure to air pollution and hospital admission and mortality resulting from COVID-19 will be examined in Tehran, Iran, during the spring and summer of 2020. The statistics of PM 2.5 , PM 10 , and 8-h maximum ozone (O 3 ) concentrations, meteorological conditions, and COVID-19 hospital admissions/mortality were analyzed. The cross-correlation and temporal relationship between the daily concentration of the aforementioned pollutants (as well as the meteorological conditions) and the COVID-19 hospital admissions/mortality rate was calculated for each month. The concentration of PM 2.5 , PM 10 , and 8-h maximum O 3 , along with temperature, increased in the summer. The hospital admissions and mortality associated with COVID-19 decreased from the first peak in the spring and then increased to its second peak in the summer. The short-term exposure to ambient PM 2.5 , PM 10 , O 3 , and elevated temperatures is associated with higher rates of COVID-19-related hospital admissions/mortality throughout the summer. Among these variables, the correlation with O 3 was statistically significant in more summer months. The short-term exposure to air pollution (especially O 3 ) may increase the susceptibility of the population infected with COVID-19 and, therefore, increases the rate of hospital admissions and mortality even during the warm seasons.

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“…Due to the limited amount monitoring data on other than the standard criteria pollutants, limited studies have investigated the adverse health impacts of BC in Tehran. To our knowledge, only one prior study in Tehran has examined the health risks of exposure to BC with cardiorespiratory mortality using BenMAP [27]. However, BenMAP uses exposure-response relationships based on epidemiological studies in the United States with lower air pollution and different population characteristics than in Iran.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship between ambient black carbon and daily mortality in Tehran, Iran: a distributed lag nonlinear time series analysis

Rahmatinia

Hadei

Hopke

et al. 2021

J Environ Health Sci Engineer

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Purpose The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of short-term exposure to ambient black carbon (BC) on daily causespecific mortality, including mortality due to respiratory, cardiovascular, ischemic heart and cerebrovascular diseases in Tehran, Iran. Materials and methods Daily non-accidental death counts, meteorological data and hourly concentrations of air pollutants from 2014 to 2017 were collected in Tehran. A distributed lag non-linear model was used to assess the association between exposure to BC and daily mortality. ResultsThe mean daily BC concentration during the study period was 3.96 ± 1.19 µg/m 3 . The results indicated that BC was significantly associated with cardiovascular, ischemic heart disease, and cerebrovascular mortality, but not with respiratory mortality. In first model, each 10 µg/m 3 increase in at lag 3, lag 4 and lag 5 were associated with cardiovascular mortality in 16-65 year age group with the relative risks (RRs) of 1.17 (95 % CI: 1.02-1.33), 1.17 (95 % CI: 1.04-1.31) and 1.12 (95 % CI: 1.02-1.24), respectively. The highest mortality rate per 10 µg/m 3 increase in exposure was found for ischemic heart diseases with RR of 3.98 (95 % CI: 1.04-1.81, lag 01) for 16-65 age group. Cerebrovascular mortality was associated with 10 µg/m 3 increases in non-cumulative exposure with RR of 1.17 (95 % 1.009-1.35, lag 5) in the age group ≥ 65 years. In the second model for a 10 µg/m 3 increase in BC, cardiovascular mortality at specific lag days (5 and 6 days) in the age group ≤ 16 years were associated with RR of 1.34 (95 % CI 1.08-1.66) and 1.35(95 % CI 1.02-1.77), respectively. Conclusions This study in Tehran found significant effects of BC exposure on daily mortality for cardiovascular, ischemic heart disease, cerebrovascular disease.

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A study of cardiorespiratory related mortality as a result of exposure to black carbon

Cited by 35 publications

References 34 publications

Implications of Low Carbon City Sustainability Strategies for 2050

Implications of Low Carbon City Sustainability Strategies for 2050

Association between short-term exposure to air pollution and COVID-19 hospital admission/mortality during warm seasons

Relationship between ambient black carbon and daily mortality in Tehran, Iran: a distributed lag nonlinear time series analysis

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