A Study of Cerebral Palsy in the Childhood Population of Edinburgh

Ingram, T. T. S.

doi:10.1136/adc.30.150.85

Cited by 65 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…The first known classification of CP was by Little, 9 since then various classifications and approaches to classifications have been used. [10][11][12][13][14][15][16] In addition to surgical and therapeutic interventions, orthoses play an important role in the management of the child with CP.…”

Section: Classification Of Cpmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of tuning ankle foot orthoses–footwear combination on the gait parameters of children with cerebral palsy

Eddison

Chockalingam

2013

Prosthetics &Amp; Orthotics International

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Background:There are a wide variety of ankle foot orthoses used in clinical practice which are characterised by their design, the material used and the stiffness of that material. Changing any of these three components will alter the effect of the ankle foot orthosis on gait.Objectives:The purpose of this article is to provide an overview on the available research on ankle foot orthosis–footwear combination tuning on the gait characteristics of children with cerebral palsy through a structured review.Study Design:Literature review.Methods:A thorough search of previous studies published in English was conducted within all major databases using relevant phrases without any limits for the dates. These searches were then supplemented by tracking all key references from the appropriate articles identified including hand searching of published books where relevant.Results:To date, there are 947 papers in the literature pertaining to the study of ankle foot orthosis. Of these, 153 investigated the use of ankle foot orthosis for children with cerebral palsy. All the studies included in this review were of a within-subjects design and the evidence levels were generally low.Conclusions:The overall results suggested that ankle foot orthosis–footwear combination tuning has the potential to improve the kinematics and kinetics of gait in children with cerebral palsy. However, the review highlights a lack of well-designed and adequately powered studies.Clinical relevanceWhile the research described in this article indicates an improvement in the gait of children with cerebral palsy following tuning of their ankle foot orthosis–footwear combination, there is still a paucity of research with quantitative data on the effects of kinematics and kinetics of ankle foot orthosis–footwear combination tuning, comparing untuned ankle foot orthosis–footwear combinations with tuned ankle foot orthosis–footwear combination. Furthermore, current research does not identify the effect of tuning on energy efficiency.

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Section: Classification Of Cpmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of tuning ankle foot orthoses–footwear combination on the gait parameters of children with cerebral palsy

Eddison

Chockalingam

2013

Prosthetics &Amp; Orthotics International

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“…Despite attempts to change the term cerebral palsy, it appears to have been well accepted throughout the world. Ingram (1955) defined cerebral palsy as a group of non-progressive disorders occurring in young children in which the disorder of the brain causes impairment of motor function. This may include paresis, involuntary movement or incoordination, but not motor disorders which are transient, or the result of progressive disease of the brain, or attributable to abnormalities of the spinal cord.…”

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confidence: 99%

Comparison of Curve Shape Between Children With Cerebral Palsy, Friedreich's Ataxia, and Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis

Aronsson

Stokes

Ronchetti

1994

Develop Med Child Neuro

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SUMMARY Fourteen patients with cerebral palsy (CP), 12 with Friedreich's ataxia (FA) and 26 with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) were studied to determine whether the shape of the scoliosis curve differs between these categories. The slope of the regression relationship between vertebral rotation and lateral deviation was greater for the CP group compared with the FA and AIS groups. The authors conclude that the scoliosis curve pattern of children with Friedreich's ataxia and adolescent idiopathic scoliosis is similar. In contrast, the scoliosis curve of children with CP was distinctly different, with more rotatfon of the apical vertebrae into the convexity of the scoliosis curve (transverse plane deformity) in relation to the amount of lateral deviation of the apical vertebrae from the spinal axis (coronal plane deformity). RÉSUMÉ Comparaison de la forme des courbures entre enfanis IMC, enfanls avec ataxie de Friedreich el adolescents avec scoliose essentielle Quatorze patients avec IMC, 12 avec ataxie de Friedreich (AF) et 26 avec une scoliose essentielle de ľadolescence (SIA) ont étéétudiés pour déterminer si les courbures scoliotiques différaient entre ces catégories. La pente de la courbe de regression entre la rotation vertébrale et la déviation angulaire latérale était plus forte chez les IMC que chez les AF ou les SIA. Les auteurs concluent que ľallure des courbures scoliotiques chez les enfants avec ataxie de Friedreich et scoliose essentielle de ľadolescence est identique. A Pinverse, les courbures de scoliose chez ľIMC est significativement différente, avec une plus forte rotation des vertebres apicales dans la convexité de la courbure scoliotique (déformation sur le plan transversal) en relation avec ľimportance de la déviation latérale des vertèbres apicales par rapport àľaxe spinal (deformation dans le plan frontal). ZUSAMMENFASSUNG Vergleich der Skoliosekurve bei Kindern mil Cerebralparese, Friedreich's scher A taxie und idiopathischer Adoleszentenskoliose 14 Pattenten mit Cerebralparese (CP), 12 mit Friedreich's scher Ataxie (FA) und 26 mit idiopathischer Adoleszentenskoliose (AIS) wurden untersucht, um festzustellen, ob sich die Form der Skoliose bei dicscn Krankheitsbildern unterscheidet. Die Regressionskurve der Beziehung zwischen vertebraler Rotation und lateraler Deviation war bei CP Kindern gróßer im Vergleich zu den FA und AIS Patienten. Die Autoren schließen daraus, daß die Skoliosekurve bei Kindern mit FA und AIS ahnlich ist. Dagegen unterscheidet sich die Skoliosekurve der CP Kinder deutlich, mehr Rotation des apikalen Wirbels in die Konvexität der Soliosekurve (transverse plane Deformierung) in Relation zum Grad der lateralen Deviation des apikalen Wirbels von der Spinalachse (coronale plane Deformierung). RESUMEN Comparación de la curve escoliótica entre niños con parálisis cerebral, ataxia de Friedreich y escoliosis idtopática del adolescente Se estudiaron catorce pacientes con paralisis cerebral (PC), 12 con ataxia de Freidreich (EF) y 26 con escoliosis idiopatica del adolesc...

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“…Hypertonicity occurs in most children with cerebral palsy (CP) (Ingram 1955, Goutieres et al 1972. One of the most common forms of this is spasticity which is described by Lance (1980) as a velocity-dependent increase in tonic stretch reflexes.…”

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confidence: 99%

The effect of botulinum toxin A on gastrocnemius length: magnitude and duration of response

Eames¹,

Baker

Hill

et al. 1999

Develop Med Child Neuro

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Thirty‐nine ambulant children (22 with hemiplegia, 17 with diplegia) with spastic cerebral palsy receiving isolated gastrocnemius muscle injection with botulinum toxin A were studied prospectively. The children had a mean age of 6 years (range 3 to 13 years). Measurement of gastrocnemius muscle length was used to estimate the dynamic component of each child's spasticity and to quantify the response. There was a strong correlation between the dynamic component of spasticity before injection and the corresponding magnitude of the response after injection. Children undergoing repeated injections showed similar correlations. A strong correlation was found between the duration of response and the dynamic component. Children with hemiplegia showed twice the duration for a given dynamic component compared with those with diplegia when injected with the same total dose per unit body weight. Long‐term lengthening did not occur for the cohort, although some patients showed a response at a 12‐month follow‐up. By delaying shortening, the injections may have a role in delaying the need for surgery. Injections were well tolerated with few side effects.

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A Study of Cerebral Palsy in the Childhood Population of Edinburgh

Cited by 65 publications

References 4 publications

The effect of tuning ankle foot orthoses–footwear combination on the gait parameters of children with cerebral palsy

The effect of tuning ankle foot orthoses–footwear combination on the gait parameters of children with cerebral palsy

Comparison of Curve Shape Between Children With Cerebral Palsy, Friedreich's Ataxia, and Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis

The effect of botulinum toxin A on gastrocnemius length: magnitude and duration of response

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