A Study of Cervical Cultures Taken in cases of Acute Gonorrhea with Special Reference to The Phases of The Menstrual Cycle

Koch, Marie L.

doi:10.1016/s0002-9378(16)39663-6

Cited by 45 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 5 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Progesterone inhibits growth of gonococci and meningococci but not gram-positive organisms or gramnegative bacilli (Koch 1950). It is inhibitory both in the early and later phases of growth and causes clumping of cells.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previous investigators used only a single strain of N. gonorrhoeae (Fitzgerald and Morse 1976) and did not completely characterize the colony types used (Koch 1950). I used heavily piliated bacteria and compared the Op and Tr variants using many strains.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Progesterone was found to be bactericidal for N. gonorrhoeae and N. meningitidis but there was no inhibition of growth of gram-positive bacteria, gram-negative bacilli, and N. sicca (Koch 1950). Progesterone was subsequently found to be more active than testosterone and 19-nortestosterone in inhibiting growth of a single strain of gonococcus (Fitzgerald and Morse 1976).…”

mentioning

confidence: 98%

See 2 more Smart Citations

The differential susceptibility of gonococcal opacity variants to sex hormones

Salit¹

1982

Can. J. Microbiol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Neisseria gonorrhoeae exist in transparent (Tr) and opaque (Op) colony forms. Op forms are recovered from patients early in the menstrual cycle; Tr colonies predominate late in the cycle. The mechanism for this colonial variation was examined by determining the influence of gonodal hormones on growth inhibition of Op and Tr isogenic variants of gonococci. The estrogens, estrone and estradiol, enhanced growth whereas 19-nortestosterone, testosterone, and progesterone significantly inhibited gonococcal growth. Testosterone and progesterone inhibited growth of the Op variants to a greater degree than the Tr variants. Mixture of Tr and Op colonies grown in the presence of progesterone became predominantly Tr, as occurs in the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle. This study supports the hypothesis of hormonal influence on colonial variation but employed artificial in vitro conditions and high hormone levels.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 98%

See 1 more Smart Citation

The differential susceptibility of gonococcal opacity variants to sex hormones

Salit¹

1982

Can. J. Microbiol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Polymorphisms in adherence or invasion receptors and innate immune receptors could also influence susceptibility to infection. In women, the stage of the reproductive cycle may affect host susceptibility based on well documented associations between positive culture rates and the estrogen-dominant phases of the menstrual cycle in women with gonorrhea [102, 103] and the temporal link between menses and the onset of pelvic inflammatory disease. The impact of reproductive hormones on susceptibility is also supported by differences in the kinetics of Gc colonization of normal and ovariectomized mice [104] and the effect of progesterone on Gc survival within cervical cells [105].…”

Section: Figmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vaccines against gonorrhea: Current status and future challenges

Jerse

Bash

Russell

2014

Vaccine

106

100

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Gonorrhea occurs at high incidence throughout the world and significantly impacts reproductive health and the spread of human immunodeficiency virus. Current control measures are inadequate and seriously threatened by the rapid emergence of antibiotic resistance. Progress on gonorrhea vaccines has been slow; however, recent advances justify significant effort in this area. Conserved vaccine antigens have been identified that elicit bactericidal antibodies and, or play key roles in pathogenesis that could be targeted by a vaccine-induced response. A murine genital tract infection model is available for systematic testing of antigens, immunization routes and adjuvants, and transgenic mice exist to relieve some host restrictions. Furthermore, mechanisms by which N. gonorrhoeae avoids inducing a protective adaptive response are being elucidated using human cells and the mouse model. Induction of a Th1 response in mice clears infection and induces a memory response, which suggests Th1-inducing adjuvants may be key in vaccine-induced protection. Continued research in this area should include human testing and clinical studies to confirm or negate findings from experimental systems and to define protective host factors.

show abstract

“…In one study on women with gonorrhea who were left untreated, four to six consecutive cultures were negative for N. gonorrhoeae during the luteal stage of the menstrual cycle followed by a reemergence of positive cultures after menses (Koch, 1947).…”

Section: Establishment Of Experimental Murine Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%