“…Three evaluators with more than 10 years of university teaching experience evaluated the products of both haptic and conventional simulators. The evaluation items were those that can be measured with both haptics and conventional simulators, referring to previous reports: 20 (1) Is the occlusal surface form of the abutment similar figure of original occlusal surface (hereafter, “Occlusal surface form”), (2) Is the margin design light chamfer (hereafter, “Margin design”), (3) Is the preparation surface smooth (hereafter, “Surface smoothness”), (4) Is the taper appropriate (hereafter, “Taper angle”), and (5) Is the total cut volume appropriate (hereafter, “Total cut volume”). Each item was scored on a 5-point rating scale (5: good, 4: somewhat good, 3: undecidable, 2: somewhat poor, 1: poor).…”