A Study of Co&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; and Related Trace Gases Using a Laser-Based Technique at an Urban Site in Western India

Lal, Shyam; Chandra, Naveen; Venkataramani, S.

doi:10.18520/cs/v109/i11/2111-2116

Cited by 14 publications

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References 24 publications

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“…The preliminary results of these measurements for a 1-month period have been reported in Lal et al (2015). These detailed measurements are utilized for studying the temporal variations (diurnal and seasonal) of both gases, their emission characteristics on diurnal and seasonal scales using their mutual correlations, estimating the contribution of anthropogenic and biospheric emission components in the diurnal cycle of CO 2 using the ratio of CO to CO 2 and roughly estimating the annual CO emissions from the study region.…”

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Temporal variations of atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub> and CO at Ahmedabad in western India

et al. 2016

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Abstract. About 70 % of the anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) is emitted from the megacities and urban areas of the world. In order to draw effective emission mitigation policies for combating future climate change as well as independently validating the emission inventories for constraining their large range of uncertainties, especially over major metropolitan areas of developing countries, there is an urgent need for greenhouse gas measurements over representative urban regions. India is a fast developing country, where fossil fuel emissions have increased dramatically in the last three decades and are predicted to continue to grow further by at least 6 % per year through to 2025. The CO 2 measurements over urban regions in India are lacking. To overcome this limitation, simultaneous measurements of CO 2 and carbon monoxide (CO) have been made at Ahmedabad, a major urban site in western India, using a state-of-the-art laser-based cavity ring down spectroscopy technique from November 2013 to May 2015. These measurements enable us to understand the diurnal and seasonal variations in atmospheric CO 2 with respect to its sources (both anthropogenic and biospheric) and biospheric sinks. The observed annual average concentrations of CO 2 and CO are 413.0 ± 13.7 and 0.50 ± 0.37 ppm respectively. Both CO 2 and CO show strong seasonality with lower concentrations (400.3 ± 6.8 and 0.19 ± 0.13 ppm) during the south-west monsoon and higher concentrations (419.6 ± 22.8 and 0.72 ± 0.68 ppm) during the autumn (SON) season. Strong diurnal variations are also observed for both the species. The common factors for the diurnal cycles of CO 2 and CO are vertical mixing and rush hour traffic, while the influence of biospheric fluxes is also seen in the CO 2 diurnal cycle. Using CO and CO 2 covariation, we differentiate the anthropogenic and biospheric components of CO 2 and found significant contributions of biospheric respiration and anthropogenic emissions in the late night (00:00-05:00 h, IST) and evening rush hours (18:00-22:00 h) respectively. We compute total yearly emissions of CO to be 69.2 ± 0.07 Gg for the study region using the observed CO : CO 2 correlation slope and bottom-up CO 2 emission inventory. This calculated emission of CO is 52 % larger than the estimated emission of CO by the emissions database for global atmospheric research (EDGAR) inventory. The observations of CO 2 have been compared with an atmospheric chemistry-transport model (ACTM), which incorporates various components of CO 2 fluxes. ACTM is able to capture the basic variabilities, but both diurnal and seasonal amplitudes are largely underestimated compared to the observations. We attribute this underestimation by the model to uncertainties in terrestrial biosphere fluxes and coarse model resolution. The fossil fuel signal from the model shows fairly good correlation with observed CO 2 variations, which supports the overall dominance of fossil fuel emissions over the biospheric fluxes in this urban region.

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Temporal variations of atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub> and CO at Ahmedabad in western India

et al. 2016

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“…Several studies based on atmospheric CO 2 observations have been documented over the Indian region, including Indian cities, urban and semi-urban areas (Tiwari et al 2013(Tiwari et al , 2014Lal et al 2015;Lin et al 2015;Chandra et. al.…”

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SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF FOSSIL FUEL CO₂ IN MEGACITY DELHI DETERMINED USING RADIOCARBON MEASUREMENTS IN PEEPAL (FICUS RELIGIOSA) TREE LEAVES

Sharma,

Kunchala,

Ojha

et al. 2023

Radiocarbon

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The quantification of fossil-fuel derived carbon dioxide (CO2ff) emissions is critical for regional carbon budgets. Radiocarbon (14C) is an effective tool to estimate the contribution of CO2ff to the total atmospheric CO2. In the present study, we have determined the spatial distribution of fossil fuel derived CO2 across Delhi using 14C measurements in Peepal tree leaves from April 2016 to March 2017 at city scale. Our analysis results show that the Δ14C values vary between –67.78‰ to 5.61‰ and corresponding CO2ff values are varying from 1.63 ppm to 33.34 ppm. CO2ff values from campus sites vary between 6.99 ppm to 16.38 ppm with an average value of 10.22 ± 3.20 ppm, while CO2ff values vary from 2.41 ppm to 33.34 ppm with an average value of 13.32 ± 9.40 ppm for sites located in the parks. Further, we observed the higher contributions of fossil fuels in the CO2 from northwest Delhi, central Delhi, and some parts of east and southwest Delhi. In the absence of real-time CO2 monitoring, the results of this study provide a potential method for analyzing the contribution of CO2ff values over the urban landscape to total CO2 over the study region.

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Recent decline in carbon monoxide levels observed at an urban site in Ahmedabad, India

Chandra,

Lal,

Venkataramani

et al. 2024

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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A Study of Co<sub>2</sub> and Related Trace Gases Using a Laser-Based Technique at an Urban Site in Western India

Cited by 14 publications

References 24 publications

Temporal variations of atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub> and CO at Ahmedabad in western India

Temporal variations of atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub> and CO at Ahmedabad in western India

SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF FOSSIL FUEL CO₂ IN MEGACITY DELHI DETERMINED USING RADIOCARBON MEASUREMENTS IN PEEPAL (FICUS RELIGIOSA) TREE LEAVES

Recent decline in carbon monoxide levels observed at an urban site in Ahmedabad, India

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A Study of Co<sub>2</sub> and Related Trace Gases Using a Laser-Based Technique at an Urban Site in Western India

Cited by 14 publications

References 24 publications

Temporal variations of atmospheric CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; and CO at Ahmedabad in western India

Temporal variations of atmospheric CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; and CO at Ahmedabad in western India

SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF FOSSIL FUEL CO2 IN MEGACITY DELHI DETERMINED USING RADIOCARBON MEASUREMENTS IN PEEPAL (FICUS RELIGIOSA) TREE LEAVES

Recent decline in carbon monoxide levels observed at an urban site in Ahmedabad, India

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Temporal variations of atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub> and CO at Ahmedabad in western India

Temporal variations of atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub> and CO at Ahmedabad in western India

SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF FOSSIL FUEL CO₂ IN MEGACITY DELHI DETERMINED USING RADIOCARBON MEASUREMENTS IN PEEPAL (FICUS RELIGIOSA) TREE LEAVES