A Study of Economic, Cultural, and Political Causes of Police Corruption in Pakistan

Abstract

There is a dearth of studies on police corruption that have analysed the correlation of economic, cultural, and political causes of police corruption in Pakistan; therefore, the existing studies fail to provide such a holistic picture of the phenomenon. This article aims to fill the gap. It is claimed that police corruption in Pakistan is a politicized, institutionalized, and a legitimized phenomenon. The police force entrenched in a kinship-based patron–client social and political culture benefits the political elite to use the police force for controlling the electorate and political opponents. The policy reforms for curbing police corruption have failed and cannot be successful without a strong political will of the political elite. This is a qualitative study using a purposive sampling method. The article will be a useful reference for readers, including police officials who are interested in understanding why corruption could not be effectively prevented and may have some broader relevance to other South Asian countries.

Perceived fairness of transfers and job satisfaction among police officers

“…for job satisfaction Perceived fairness of transfers perceived to oppose the politicians' views. In addition, administrators can use transfers to reward or punish an officer (Malik and Qureshi, 2020). These are untested explanations.…”

“…Threats of transfer can be used to control and manipulate officers (Hull, 2012). Malik and Qureshi (2020) contended that politicians' worth is often judged by their level of control exerted over the police, including the transfer of officers Perceived fairness of transfers perceived to oppose the politicians' views. In addition, administrators can use transfers to reward or punish an officer (Malik and Qureshi, 2020).…”

“…Threats of transfer can be used to control and manipulate officers (Hull, 2012). Malik and Qureshi (2020) contended that politicians' worth is often judged by their level of control exerted over the police, including the transfer of officers…”

Problems and challenges faced by Pakistani police A case study of Police in Post-conflict Swat District, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa

“…Their promotion, posting, and transfer rely on their terms with the influential. Though, there may be several other constraints/ factors to effective policing depends on the social, cultural, and geographical realities (Malik & Qureshi, 2020). Out of enormous challenges and factors, this study identifies (a) shortage of strength (b) excessive workload (c) lack of fiscal budget (d), and political interference as the leading factors affecting the performance of police in swat, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.…”

Forensic Investigation of Road Traffic Accident Cases in Pakistan and Types of Physical Evidence

“…Collectively, these findings support the improvement in road safety measures and the use of modern and advanced techniques to curb the RTA gradually. Further, these contributing factors appear to be influenced by corrupt officials (Malik & Qureshi, 2021), defective investigation (Rajput & Rajput, 2020) by old methods, and road hazards.…”